Hondo yeAmerica yeKuzvimiririra uye Nhamba Dzayo
Hondo yeAmerica yeKuzvitonga, inozivikanwawo seHondo yeChimurenga yeAmerica, yakatanga kubva muna 1775 kusvika 1783 uye yakaratidza nguva inokosha munhoroondo yepasi rose. Hondo iyi yakaona matunhu gumi nematatu ekuAmerica achirwira rusununguko kubva muhutongi hweBritain. Kurwira uku kwakazoita kuti United States sezvatinoiziva nhasi. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura nezvehondo iyi zvakadzama uye chichazivisa vamwe vevanhu vakakosha vakaita basa mukuwana rusununguko.
Nhoroondo yeHondo yeRusununguko
Nhoroondo refu yehutongi hweBritain muNorth America yakashanda senzvimbo huru yeHondo yeRusununguko yeAmerica. Kutanga pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi17, matunhu akasiyana-siyana eBritain akatangwa kuEast Coast yeNorth America. Pasinei nekusiyana kwemamiriro ezvinhu uye zvido zvehupfumi zvevanhu vemakoloni aya, chimwe chinhu chakavabatanidza kwaive kusagutsikana nezvavaiona sehurongwa hweBritain hwekudzvinyirira uye hwekushandisa zvisina kunaka.
Kusawirirana pakati pemakoloni neBritish Crown kwakatanga kuwedzera zvakanyanya mushure mezviitiko zvaizivikanwa seBoston Tea Party muna 1773. Chiitiko ichi, apo makoloni akadurura tii yeBritish muBoston Harbor vachitsutsumwa nemitero yetii, chakaratidza mugumo wezviito zvakawanda zvekuramba kwevakoloni mutemo wemitero isina vamiriri.
Kuumbwa kweContinental Congress
Musi wa5 Gunyana, 1774, vamiriri vanobva kumakoloni gumi nemaviri (Georgia haina kumirirwa) vakaungana kuFirst Continental Congress muPhiladelphia. Chinangwa chikuru chemusangano uyu chaive chekugadzira hurongwa hwekurwisa zviito zvehudzvanyiriri zvehurumende yeBritain. PaCongress iyi, vamiriri vakabvumirana kuramba zvinhu zveBritain uye kuda kodzero huru dzemakoloni.
Mhinduro yehasha yeBritain kuzvinodiwa izvi, kusanganisira kuiswa kwematanho akasiyana-siyana ekudzvinyirira anozivikanwa se "Mabasa eKusashivirirana," yakawedzera kuwedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Pakupedzisira, muna Kubvumbi 1775, kurwisana nezvombo kwakatanga muLexington neConcord, zvichiratidza kutanga kweHondo yeRusununguko.
Vanhu Vakakosha muHondo yeAmerica yeKuzvimiririra
Hondo iyi yakaratidzwa kwete nehondo chete, asiwo nehurongwa hwehunyanzvi hwekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika uye hutungamiriri hwevakawanda vane maonero akanaka. Heano mamwe makuru muHondo yeRusununguko yeAmerica:
1. George Washington
George Washington aive mumwe wevanhu vakakosha zvikuru muHondo yeRusununguko yeAmerica. Hondo isati yatanga, Washington akanga atozvisimbisa mukurumbira wake semutungamiri wemauto kuburikidza neruzivo rwake muHondo yeFrance neIndia. Muna 1775, akagadzwa kuva Mutungamiriri Mukuru weHondo yeContinental neSecond Continental Congress. Hutungamiriri hwake hwehungwaru uye hwerudo hwakaita basa guru mukubatanidza nekukurudzira mauto aiwanzoshaya zvekushandisa nekudzidziswa. Washington aizivikanwawo nehurongwa hwake hwekuchenjera, kusanganisira kurwiswa kusingatarisirwi kwaTrenton uye kukunda kukuru paSiege of Yorktown, uko kwakaratidza kuguma kwehondo.
2. Thomas Jefferson
Aizivikanwa semunyori mukuru weAmerican Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson aive mumwe wevanhu vakakosha zvikuru mukuchinja uku. Chiziviso cheIndependence chakasainwa musi wa4 Chikunguru, 1776, chakasimbisa misimboti yerusununguko nekodzero dzevanhu iyo yakava hwaro hwerudzi rutsva. Pfungwa dzaJefferson, dzichisimbisa rusununguko rwemunhu nekodzero dzevanhu, dzakapesvedzera vazhinji uye dzakava gwara retsika kune varwi verusununguko.
3 Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin aive nyanzvi yezvemitemo yakaita basa guru mukuwana rutsigiro rwepasi rose rwechinangwa cheAmerica. Basa rake muFrance raive rakakosha, kunyanya mukukurudzira hurumende yeFrance kuti ipe rubatsiro rwemauto nemari. Hurongwa hwaFranklin hwezvemitemo hwakabudirira mukukurudzira France kuti ipinde muhondo iri kudivi reAmerica muna 1778, danho rakasimbisa zvikuru chinzvimbo chemauto ekoloni uye rakakurumidzisa kukunda.
4. John Adams
Semumiriri uye mumiriri wenyika, John Adams akaita basa guru mukuitwa nekurongwa kweChimurenga. Adams aive mumwe wevanhu vaitsigira zvikuru kuzvitonga kubva kuBritain uye akaita basa guru mukunyora nekukurukura zvibvumirano zvakakosha. Aivewo mumwe wevarume vashanu vakagadzwa kunyora Chiziviso cheKuzvitonga.
5. Marquis de Lafayette
Lafayette aive muchinda wekuFrance akabatana nechido neAmerica achiri mudiki. Kuvimbika kwake nehunyanzvi hwake semukuru wemauto zvaikosha kuContinental Army. Simba rake rakabatsirawo kuderedza mafungiro asina kunaka evamwe vanhu vakakosha muFrance nezveUnited States. Chimurenga cheAmerica.
6. Alexander Hamilton
Semumwe wevatongi vechidiki vekoloni vakashanda, Alexander Hamilton akatanga basa rake semunyori uye munhu aikurudzira maonero evanhu vasati vapinda muchiuto. Hamilton akava mupi wezano wepedyo waGeorge Washington uye aizivikanwa nemaitiro ake ehondo anoshanda. Mushure mehondo, akaitawo basa guru mukusimbisa hurongwa hutsva hwemari hwenyika seMunyori wekutanga weMari muAmerica.
Peak uye Kuguma kweHondo
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha muHondo yeRusununguko yeAmerica kwaive Kukomba kweYorktown mumatsutso egore ra1781. Nerubatsiro rwemauto eFrance, mauto epasi eAmerica akabudirira kukomberedza mauto eBritain aitungamirirwa naGeneral Charles Cornwallis. Mushure mekurwa kwakasimba, Cornwallis akazopedzisira azvipira muna Gumiguru 1781. Kukunda uku kwakagumisa hondo huru dzehondo.
Muna 1783, Chibvumirano cheParis chakasainwa icho chakabvuma zviri pamutemo kuzvitonga kweUnited States uye chakaisa miganhu yenyika itsva.
Mhedzisiro uye Nhaka
Hondo yeAmerica yeKuzvitonga haina kungochinja magumo emakoloni eBritain kuNorth America chete asiwo yakakurudzira kufamba kwerusununguko pasi rose. Nheyo dzakanyorwa muAmerican Declaration of Independence dzakanyatsotsanangura kukosha kwekodzero dzevanhu nehurumende zvichibva pakubvumirana kwevatongi, zvichikurudzira dzimwe shanduko, kusanganisira French Revolution.
Uyezve, kuvambwa kweUnited States kwakaratidza kutanga kwenguva itsva munhoroondo yepasi rose, umo pfungwa dzehutongi hwegutsaruzhinji nerusununguko rwemunhu dzakatanga kuparadzirwa nekugamuchirwa nenyika dzakawanda. Vanhu vemuHondo yeKuzvitonga yeAmerica vakava mienzaniso yezvizvarwa zvinotevera mukurwira rusununguko neruramisiro.
Pakupedzisira, Hondo yeAmerica yeKuzvitonga nevatungamiriri vayo inotidzidzisa kukosha kwerudo, kutsungirira, uye kuchengetedza tsika dzakanaka mukuwana kuzvitonga nekuvaka rudzi rwakarurama uye rwakasununguka. Nhaka yavo ichagara iri chikamu chenhoroondo inotsigira tsika dzevanhu.
