Mipiro yaLeonardo da Vinci kuUnyanzvi neSainzi
Leonardo da Vinci mumwe wevanhu vakakurumbira munhoroondo, ane hunhu hunopfuura hunyanzvi hwekugadzira. Mabasa ake muunyanzvi nesainzi haangoratidzi chete hunyanzvi hweRenaissance asiwo anoratidza kuti minda miviri iyi inogona kupfumisana sei. Nehunyanzvi hunoshamisa mumabasa akasiyana-siyana, da Vinci akasiya nhaka inoshamisa inoramba ichichinja nyika nhasi. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora mipiro yaLeonardo da Vinci muunyanzvi nesainzi, ichiratidza kukosha kwenhaka yake yehungwaru nekugadzira.
Leonardo da Vinci seMuimbi
Leonardo da Vinci anozivikanwa zvikuru nemifananidzo yake isingaperi uye zvinhu zvitsva zvinoshamisa muunyanzvi hwekuona. Unyanzvi hwake hausi hwekungoratidza mifananidzo chete, asiwo hune kudzidza kwakadzama kwehunhu hwevanhu, kudyidzana kwechiedza nemumvuri, uye kutaura kwemanzwiro.
1. Mufananidzo waMona Lisa
"Mona Lisa" ndiwo mufananidzo unozivikanwa zvikuru pasi rose uye unoonekwa seunyanzvi hweunyanzvi hwakanaka. Wakapendwa kubva muna 1503 kusvika 1506, mufananidzo uyu unobata pfungwa nepfungwa dzawo dzakapinza, kunyanya chitarisiko chechiso chisina kujeka uye chakavanzika. Maitiro aDa Vinci ekugadzira sfumato anogadzira kuchinja kudiki pakati peruvara nechimiro, zvichiita kuti chitarisiko chacho chive chakajeka, chine mativi matatu.
2. Kudya Kwemanheru Kwekupedzisira
Mufananidzo uyu, uri muimba yemamongi yeSanta Maria delle Grazie muMilan, unoratidza nguva inoshamisa apo Jesu akazivisa kuti mumwe wevadzidzi vake achamutengesa. Nzira yekuona zvinhu yakashandiswa pamufananidzo inoita kuti vanhu vafunge kuti zvinhu zvakadzika uye inokwevera ziso pakati pemufananidzo, nzvimbo yakatarisana naJesu.
3. Zvidzidzo zveMasikirwo
Leonardo aive piyona mukudzidza nezvemuviri wemunhu, izvo zvakabatsira zvikuru pakupenda. Mumabhuku ake ekunyora, akagadzira zviuru zvemifananidzo yemuviri yevanhu nemhuka ine ruzivo rwakadzama, zvichibva pakuongororwa kwezvitunha zvaakaita. Ruzivo rwakawanikwa kubva muzvidzidzo izvi rwakabatsira da Vinci kuratidza muviri wemunhu nemazvo zvisati zvamboitika.
Leonardo da Vinci semusayendisiti uye muvambi
Kunze kwekuve muimbi ane hunyanzvi, da Vinci aivewo musayendisiti ane mukurumbira uye muvambi. Zvaaifarira zvaisanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira anatomy, botany, geology, aerodynamics, uye engineering. Heano mamwe emabasa akakosha aDa Vinci kusainzi.
1. Kudzidza nezveAnatomi neFiziyoloji
Tsvagiridzo yake yemuviri yakanga yakazara uye ichishamisa, ine mifananidzo yakawanda inoratidza chimiro chemukati memuviri wemunhu. Leonardo akatsanangura zvakadzama nezvekuongorora zvitunha mumabhuku ake uye akaongorora zvakanyanya nhengo dzinokosha dzakadai semwoyo neuropi. Tsvagiridzo iyi yakagadzira nzira yekurapa kwemazuva ano, kunyangwe zvakawanda zvakawanikwa naDa Vinci zvakaburitswa mazana emakore mushure mekufa kwake.
2. Kufamba Kwemhepo Nendege
Leonardo da Vinci ainyanya kufunga nezvepfungwa yekubhururuka. Akadzidza kuti shiri dzinobhururuka sei uye akaedza kushandisa nzira dzakafanana dzekufamba nemhepo pakugadzira michina inobhururuka. Magadzirirwo anozivikanwa akadai se ornithopter neherikoputa, kunyange zvazvo aisashanda panguva iyoyo, anoratidza kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwenzira dzekubhururuka kwemazuva ano.
3. Zvidzidzo zveGeology
Kucherechedza kwaDa Vinci nezvezvinhu zvakasikwa uye maumbirwo egeology kwaive kwakadzamawo. Akataura nezvekuchinja kwekukukurwa kwevhu, mhedzisiro yenzizi, uye mafossil, achigumisa kuti Pasi rinokura uye rinochinja nekufamba kwenguva. Uku kwaive kufunga kwepamusoro-soro kwenguva yake, kuchiratidza kunzwisisa kwekutanga kwegeology uye paleontology.
4. Dhizaini yeMichina
Leonardo akagadzira magadzirirwo akasiyana-siyana emakanika epamusoro-soro enguva yake, kusanganisira marudzi akasiyana-siyana emabhiriji, michina yehondo, uye maturusi. Kunyangwe akawanda emidziyo iyi akanga asati ambogadzirwa, misimboti iri pasi pemagadzirirwo ake inoratidza nzwisiso inoshamisa yeinjiniya.
Kubatana kweUnyanzvi neSainzi mubasa raLeonardo
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kushamisa mubasa raLeonardo da Vinci ndechekuti akabatanidza sei hunyanzvi nesainzi mukutsvaga kwake. Minda miviri iyi, inowanzoonekwa seyakasiyana, yakabatanidzwa nenzira inosimudzira zvese mubasa raDa Vinci.
1. Kuumbwa kwemuviri muunyanzvi
Mifananidzo yakarurama yemuviri wemunhu muunyanzvi hwaDa Vinci inoratidza simba guru resainzi paunyanzvi. Nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemaumbirwo emhasuru nemapfupa, da Vinci akakwanisa kuratidza muviri wemunhu muchimiro nemafambiro aisambofungidzirwa muunyanzvi hwekuona.
2. Optics uye Maonero
Kudzidza kwaDa Vinci nezvechiedza nemaziso kwakamubatsira kunzwisisa zvakadzama kuti chiedza chinoshanda sei nezvinhu. Izvi zvakachinja zvakanyanya basa rake pakuona zvinhu nechiedza, zvikamubvumira kugadzira fungidziro dzechokwadi dzenzvimbo nehukuru mumifananidzo yake.
3. Sainzi neRunako
Leonardo akasvika pakuwanikwa kwesainzi kwete chete nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira asiwo nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira. Mifananidzo yake yega yega nemagadzirirwo emakanika zvaisangova zvesainzi chete asiwo zvaive nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro, zvichiratidza kuti kwaari, sainzi nerunako zvaive manzwi akafanana.
Mhedzisiro uye Nhaka
Nhaka yaLeonardo da Vinci yakakura uye yakasiyana-siyana. Mabhuku ake ekunyora nemifananidzo zvinoramba zvichikurudzira masayendisiti emazuva ano, mainjiniya, uye vanyori vemifananidzo. Uyezve, muenzaniso usingaperi wekuti mweya wekutsvaga nekufunga nezvepfungwa unogona sei kugadzira nzira yekuvandudza nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva muminda yakasiyana-siyana.
Kubatanidzwa kweunyanzvi nesainzi mubasa raLeonardo da Vinci kunoshanda sechiratidzo, zvichiratidza kuti kusiyanisa vanhu kwakakosha pakunzwisisa nyika. Munguva ino iri kuwedzera kuva nyanzvi, kudzidza kubva muhupenyu nebasa raDa Vinci kunotiyeuchidza nezvekukosha kwekuchengetedza mweya wekubatana pamwe chete mukuongorora zvinhu zvakasikwa.
Zvose, Leonardo da Vinci aipfuura kungova muimbi kana musayendisiti: aive mugadziri asina miganhu, piyona asinganeti, uye muenzaniso chaiwo wesimba revanhu rekuongorora miganhu yeruzivo nekugadzira. Nhaka yake inoramba iripo, ichipa gwara kuzvizvarwa zvitsva kuti zvirambe zvichirota, zvichibvunza mibvunzo, uye zvichigadzira.
