# Kwakatangira Umambo hweMajapahit nepesvedzero yahwo
Humambo hweMajapahit hwaive humwe hweumambo hukuru uye hune simba kwazvo muzvitsuwa zveIndonesia. Humambo hwacho hwakavakirwa kuEast Java, hwakasvika pakakwirira muzana remakore rechi14 huchitungamirirwa naMambo Hayam Wuruk nemutungamiriri wake ane mukurumbira, Gajah Mada. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora mavambo eHumambo hweMajapahit uye simba rahwakasiya pamativi akasiyana-siyana ehupenyu muzvitsuwa zveIndonesia.
## Kwakatangira Umambo hweMajapahit
Majapahit isati yava umambo hukuru, pakutanga yaive umambo hudiki hwakatangwa naRaden Wijaya. Zita rekuti Majapahit pacharo rinobva pamashoko ekuti "maja," rudzi rwemuchero unorimwa munharaunda iyi, uye "zvinovava," izvo zvinotsanangura kuravira kwemuchero wacho. Kubudirira kwaMajapahit kwakabatana zvikuru nemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro evanhu panguva iyoyo.
### Kuumbwa kweUmambo
Raden Wijaya, muzukuru weUmambo hweSingasari, akasangana nezvipingamupinyi zvakasiyana-siyana pakugadzwa kweMajapahit. Mushure mekunge Umambo hweSingasari hwaparara nekuda kwekurwiswa kwaJayakatwang, Mambo weKediri, Raden Wijaya akatiza ndokuunganazve muTrowulan. Zvinotendwa kuti kuwa kweSingasari kwakapa mukana kuna Raden Wijaya wekugadzira umambo hutsva. Nerubatsiro rweuto reMongolia rakauya kuzoranga Singasari, Raden Wijaya akabudirira kutora simba. Mushure mekukunda hondo yeMongolia naJayakatwang, Raden Wijaya akatanga Umambo hweMajapahit muna 1293.
### Dzinza raRajasa
Umambo hweMajapahit hunobatanidzwa nehumambo hweRajasa, humambo humwe chete neUmambo hweSingasari. Kutonga kwaRaden Wijaya (nezita rekuti Kertarajasa Jayawardhana) kwakaisa hwaro hwakasimba hwekukura kweumambo. Mushure mekufa kwaRaden Wijaya muna 1309, vanakomana vake nevazukuru vake vakabudirira kutora simba, zvichisvitsa Majapahit pakakwirira zvishoma nezvishoma.
## Peak of Kubwinya Pasi peHayam Wuruk naGajah Mada
Nguva ine mbiri munhoroondo yeHumambo hweMajapahit yakaitika panguva yekutonga kwaMambo Hayam Wuruk, uyo akatonga kubva muna 1350 kusvika 1389, achibatsirwa naPrime Minister Gajah Mada. Gajah Mada anozivikanwa nePalapa Oath yake, iyo yaifungidzira kubatanidzwa kwezvitsuwa zvese zveIndonesia pasi pehutongi hwaMajapahit.
### Kuwedzera uye Kubatana kweArchipelago
Vachitungamirirwa naGajah Mada, Majapahit yakasvika pakukura kwayo kukuru. Nzvimbo dzavo dzakasimba dzakapararira muJava, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, uye kunyange munzvimbo dzekumabvazuva dzezvitsuwa, dzakadai seMaluku neWest Papua.
### Kubudirira Kwehupfumi Netsika
Majapahit yaizivikanwawo nekubudirira kwayo kunoshamisa. Kurima, kutengeserana, uye ngarava zvaive musimboti wehupfumi hwehumambo. Mumaguta echiteshi chengarava akadai seTuban neGresik, kutengeserana nevatengesi vanobva kuChina, India, neMiddle East kwaive kwakawanda. Kugadzirwa nekutengeserana kwezvinonhuwira, chinhu chaikosheswa zvikuru, zvaive chinhu chikuru chakaita kuti Majapahit abudirire mune zveupfumi.
## Pesvedzero yeUmambo hweMajapahit
Simba reUmambo hweMajapahit rakapararira zvakanyanya uye zvakadzama muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu, kubva mune zvematongerwo enyika, tsika, mutauro, kusvika kuchitendero.
### Simba rezvematongerwo enyika
Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvakapihwa naMajapahit mune zvematongerwo enyika kwaive kubatana kwezvitsuwa zveNusantara. Kunyange hazvo kubatana kwakazara kwezvematongerwo enyika kwaMajapahit kungave kwakaoma uye kusina kumbobvira kwawana kubatana kwakazara, pfungwa yekubatana kwezvitsuwa zveNusantara yakachinja maonero enzvimbo iyi kusvika nanhasi. Nhaka iyi inoonekwa mumweya weBhinneka Tunggal Ika (Kubatana Mukusiyana), yakatorwa kubva kuKakawin Sutasoma (Rwiyo rweSutasoma) rakanyorwa naMpu Tantular munguva yeMajapahit.
### Tsika neMabhuku
Tsika dzeMajapahit dzakasiya chiratidzo chikuru paunyanzvi, kuvaka, uye mabhuku. Mabasa makuru ekunyora akadai seNegarakertagama nePararaton anopa ruzivo rwakadzama nezvehupenyu muMajapahit. Mumifananidzo, Majapahit akasiya temberi dzakawanda dzakanaka, dzakadai sePenataran Temple, Tikus Temple, neBajang Ratu Temple, dzinoratidza kuvaka kwakaoma uye zviratidzo zvakawanda.
### Mazita eMutauro neNzvimbo
Simba remutauro weMajapahit rinoonekwa mukushandiswa kwakawanda kwemashoko echiKawi mumitauro yeJavanese, Balinese, uye kunyange Malay. Nzvimbo zhinji dziri muzvitsuwa izvi dzine mazita akavakirwa kana kukanganiswa nemutauro weKawi waishandiswa munguva yeMajapahit.
### Chitendero
Majapahit yaivewo nzvimbo inokosha yechitendero panguva yayo. Zvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira chiHindu, chiBuddha, nezvitendero zvemuno, zvaigara pamwe chete zvakanaka. Pfungwa dzaMajapahit dzekubatana kwezvitendero uye kushivirirana kwezvitendero dzakaratidza muenzaniso wekugarisana zvakanaka kwezvitendero zvakasiyana.
### Nhaka Yezvekudya
Simba raMajapahit rinoonekwawo mutsika dzekubika. Zvokudya zvechivanhu zvakawanda zvakakurumbira muJava nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza zvinowanzobva mumabikirwo nezvinhu zvaishandiswa munguva yeMajapahit. Semuenzaniso, kusiyana kwezvinonhuwira zvaishandiswa muzvokudya zvechivanhu kunoratidza kubudirira kwekutengeserana kwezvinonhuwira panguva iyoyo.
## Kuguma kweKubwinya kwaMajapahit
Rudzi rwese rwenyika rune nguva yarwo yegoridhe uye kudzikira. Majapahit yakanga isina kusiyana, sezvo yakatanga kudzikira mushure mekufa kwaHayam Wuruk uye kuguma kwenguva yaGajah Mada. Kurwisana kwemukati, kupandukira kwematunhu, uye simba reumambo hutsva hwakaita seDemak ndizvo zvinhu zvakakonzera kudzikira kwaMajapahit pakupera kwezana remakore rechi15.
Zvisinei, pasinei nekuguma kwayo, simba raMajapahit retsika, zvematongerwo enyika, uye pfungwa rinoramba riripo uye rinoumba hwaro hwakakosha hwenhoroondo yeIndonesia nekuzivikanwa kwayo.
## Mhedziso
Humambo hweMajapahit hwakanga husiri humambo hwaitonga nzvimbo dzakakura muzvitsuwa zveIndonesia chete, asiwo hwaiva musimboti webudiriro yezvematongerwo enyika, yehupfumi, uye yetsika yakapesvedzera budiriro yeIndonesia. Kwakatangira nenhoroondo yeMajapahit, kubva pakuvambwa kwayo naRaden Wijaya kusvika panguva yayo yegoridhe pasi paHayam Wuruk naGajah Mada, zvinopa maonero akapfuma pamusoro pemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika netsika aimbovapo.
Simba reUmambo hweMajapahit rakapararira kupfuura nguva yaro, richipararira munharaunda yeIndonesia kusvika nhasi uye richikurudzira mweya wekubatana mukusiyana-siyana. Majapahit inomiririra kugona kwezvitsuwa izvi kubatanidza, kubudirira, uye kuwana tsika yepamusoro pasi pemweya waBhinneka Tunggal Ika (Kubatana Mukusiyana-siyana).
