Maitiro ehondo aNapoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte mumwe wevanhu vane simba guru munhoroondo yemazuva ano. Anozivikanwa kwete chete nekuda kwake kuvaka humambo asiwo nekugona kwake kushandura nzira dzairwiwa hondo muEurope. Mano ake uye nzira dzake dzekushanda zvakaita kuti Hondo yeFrance yekutanga kwezana remakore rechi19 ive simba rinoshanda zvikuru, rinokurumidza, uye rinochinjika. Kubudirira kwaNapoleon kwaisangova nekuda kwerombo rakanaka kana huwandu, asi kusanganisa kurongeka, mafambiro ehondo, kuongorora, hutungamiriri, uye kugona kuverenga nzvimbo uye pfungwa dzemuvengi. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora maitiro ehondo aNapoleon nenzira yakarongeka, kubva pamisimboti mikuru kusvika pakushandiswa kwawo muhondo.
1. Kumhanya uye Maneuver: "Famba nekukurumidza kupfuura Muvengi"
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa nemazano aNapoleon kwaive kusimbisa kwake kumhanya. Akaziva kuti muhondo, boka raigona kukurumidza kutarisa panzvimbo dzakakosha raizova nemukana wakakura. Napoleon aivimba nekufamba nekukurumidza kwemauto panyika nekufamba kwakarongeka. Aiwanzomanikidza mauto ake kuti afambe kwenguva refu munguva pfupi, uku achichengetedza kurongeka uye morari.
Pfungwa iyi yaibvumira Napoleon kurwisa vavengi vake vasati vawana nguva yekusimbisa mauto avo kana kugadzirira dziviriro yakasimba. Kumhanya kwaivewo nemukana wekuita zvinhu: aigona kusarudza kuti hondo dzaizorwiwa rini uye kupi, zvichimanikidza vavengi vake kuti vaite chimwe chinhu pane kuronga vakasununguka.
2. Sisitimu yeCorps: Kuchinjika Pamwero Mukuru
Napoleon akavandudza kushandiswa kwe "corps" (corps d'armée), boka guru raisanganisira mauto ekufamba netsoka, mauto emabhiza, zvombo zvehondo, uye rutsigiro rwekutakura zvinhu pasi pehutungamiriri humwe chete. Boka rega rega raikwanisa kurwa roga kwenguva yakati, asi raigonawo kukurumidza kurwiwa kana paidiwa hondo huru.
Chinhu chakanakira hurongwa uhwu kwaive kuchinjika kwahwo. Napoleon aigona kuparadzira mauto ake munzvimbo yakakura kuti atsvage, achengetedze nzira, kana kukunda muvengi, ozobva angovabatanidza kuti varwe zvakasimba. Izvi zvakasiyana nemaitiro ekare, apo mauto aifamba ari mapoka makuru, anononoka, uye akaoma kufamba.
3. Isa Simba Pazvinhu Zvisina Kunaka (Pfungwa yeKuisa Pfungwa)
Napoleon aitevedzera musimboti we "kumanikidzana kwesimba." Haana kugara achirwisa muvengi wese, asi aitsvaga nzvimbo isina simba kana yakakosha kuti apinde. Kana nzvimbo iyoyo yaputswa, mhedzisiro yacho yaigona kupararira mukati meboka remuvengi, zvichikonzera kutya, kudzokera shure zvisina kurongeka, kana kutoparadzwa zvachose.
Maitiro aya aiwanzobatanidzwa nehunyanzvi hwe "kudzora" muvengi pane rimwe divi rehondo nemauto mashoma, ukuwo mauto makuru achiunganidzwa kuti arwise kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Nenzira iyi, Napoleon akagadzira hukuru hwenzvimbo iyi kunyangwe simba rake rese raive risingawanzova nani.
4. "Chinzvimbo Chepakati": Kukunda Vavengi Nekutsaudzirana
Mumakwikwi akati wandei, Napoleon akasangana nemubatanidzwa wenyika dzakasiyana panguva imwe chete. Imwe nzira yakakurumbira yaakashandisa yaive "nzvimbo yepakati." Kana muvengi ari mumapoka maviri akasiyana, Napoleon aiedza kuzvimisa pakati pavo, ozorwisa rimwe divi nesimba guru rimwe risati rakwanisa kubatsira. Kana muvengi wekutanga angokundwa, aitendeuka kuti atarisane neboka rinotevera.
Nzira iyi yaida kuongorora kwakanyatsonaka, nguva chaiyo, uye kufamba-famba zvakanyanya. Dai Napoleon akanonoka, aigona kuvharirwa achitarisana nemauto maviri panguva imwe chete. Zvisinei, kana akabudirira, zvishoma nezvishoma aigona "kuderedza" simba remubatanidzwa.
5. Kushandiswa kwezvombo: Kugadzira-Kuputsa Strike
Kupfura zvombo munguva yaNapoleon kwakaita kuti pave nechinhu chakakosha. Napoleon pachake aive mukuru wezvombo, uye kunzwisisa kwake chombo ichi kwaive kwakadzama. Akashandisa zvombo kwete kungopfura kure chete, asi sechombo chekupwanya miganhu yevavengi vasati vatanga kurwisa.
Imwe tsika inowanzobatanidzwa nemaitiro aNapoleon yaive yekuunganidza pfuti mu "battery guru" kuti inaye moto wakasimba pane imwe nzvimbo yemuvengi. Pakangokanganiswa kuumbwa kwevavengi, mamwe mauto akarayirwa kuti apinde. Nemamwe mashoko, zvombo zvehondo zvakashandiswa senzira yekuwana nzira, kwete sechishandiso.
6. Vatasvi vemabhiza: Kutevera, Kuputsa, uye Kuparadza
Mauto emabhiza achitungamirirwa naNapoleon akashanda basa guru, kunyanya mukuongorora, kudzingirirana, uye kushandisa kukunda. Muvengi paakatanga kudzokera shure, mauto emabhiza akatumirwa kunotevera nekudzivirira muvengi kuti asaunganezve. Izvi ndizvo zvakaita kuti Napoleon ashandure kukunda kwemauto kuita kwechinangwa: kwete kungokunda pasi chete, asi kuve nechokwadi chekuti muvengi haakwanise kuramba achirwisa.
Varwi vemabhiza vaishandiswawo kurwisa mativi, kudimbura migwagwa yekutaurirana, kana kukanganisa zvombo zvemuvengi. Zvisinei, Napoleon ainzwisisa njodzi dzaivapo: mauto emabhiza airwisa asina mauto etsoka uye rutsigiro rwezvombo zvaigona kuparadzwa nemoto usingaperi.
7. Kunyengera neRuzivo: Kunyengera Muvengi, Kutonga Nzvimbo
Napoleon aikoshesa ruzivo zvikuru. Aivimba nevasori, mishumo yemuno, uye network yekukurukurirana nekukurumidza kuburikidza nenhume. Neruzivo rwuri nani, aigona kuverenga zvinangwa zvemuvengi wake uye kuita sarudzo nekukurumidza. Sarudzo idzi dzekukurumidza dzakava chiratidzo chemaitiro ake ekuraira.
Uyezve, Napoleon aiwanzoshandisa kunyengera: kuita kuti muvengi afunge kuti akanga asina simba pane imwe nzvimbo, kana kupa pfungwa yekuti ari kudzokera shure, uku achigadzirira kunyatsotarisa kurwisa kukuru. Rudzi urwu rwekunyengera rwakashanda zvakanaka nekuda kwemukurumbira waNapoleon wekuita kuti vavengi vatye uye vachenjerere zvakanyanya.
8. Kushandisa Nzvimbo uye Pfungwa dzeHondo
Napoleon aizivikanwa nekugona kwake kusarudza nzvimbo dzehondo dzaibatsira. Ainzwisisa kukosha kwezvikomo, nzizi, nzira dzakamanikana, nenzvimbo dzaidzivisa kufamba kwevavengi. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, aibvumira nemaune muvengi kurwisa nzvimbo yairatidzika seisina simba, ozobva anyura mumusungo nekumurwisa kubva parutivi kana kumashure.
Kunze kwehondo, Napoleon aishandisawo pfungwa dzepfungwa. Aiwanzoisa chivimbo mumauto ake kuburikidza nehurukuro nezviratidzo zvekukunda. Aiona simba remauto serinokosha sehuwandu nezvombo. Aida kuti masoja atende kuti "vaizokunda zvechokwadi," zvichivabatsira kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
9. Kusasimba uye Kusakwana kweMaitiro aNapoleon
Pasinei neunyanzvi hwake, mazano aNapoleon aisabudirira nguva dzose. Kusasimba kwake kukuru kwakaratidzwa paakatarisana nedaro refu, mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa, uye matambudziko makuru ekufambisa zvinhu—sezvakaitika pakurwiswa kweRussia muna 1812. Kumhanya uye kufamba-famba kwakava kwakaoma apo mauto akanga asina chikafu, mabhiza akafa, uye tambo dzekutakura zvinhu dzakawedzera.
Uyezve, vavengi vaNapoleon vakadzidza uye vakachinja. Vamwe vatungamiriri vemauto emubatanidzwa vakatanga kudzivisa hondo huru dzaidiwa naNapoleon, vachisarudza nzira yekupedza simba reFrance kuburikidza nehondo yakareba. Chiitiko ichi chakaratidza kuti kunyange nzira dzinoshanda zvakanyanya dzinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, zviwanikwa, uye kugona kwemuvengi kugadzirisa.
Mhedziso
Maitiro ehondo aNapoleon Bonaparte akagadzira mitemo mitsva yehondo: kufamba-famba, kuchinjika kuburikidza nehurongwa hwemauto, kuungana kwemauto panzvimbo dzakaoma, kushandiswa kwezvombo zvine hutsinye, uye kushandiswa kwekukunda kuburikidza nemabhiza. Akabatanidza kumhanya kwemuviri nekufunga nekukurumidza—kuita sarudzo muvengi asati agadzirira. Zvisinei, pakupedzisira, maitiro aNapoleon aiva nemiganhu yawo, kunyanya kana akatarisana nekudonha kwemidziyo uye muvengi anochinjika. Kunyange zvakadaro, nhaka yake yehunyanzvi ichiri nyaya yekudzidza muzvikoro zvemauto nhasi, zvichiratidza kukosha kwekufambisa, ruzivo, uye kudyidzana mukuona mhedzisiro yehondo.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kuwedzera mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwemaitiro aya muhondo dzakadai seAusterlitz, Jena-Auerstedt, kana Wagram kuti nyaya yacho ive nemifananidzo yakawanda yenhoroondo.
