Chimurenga cheAmerica Nekukanganisa Kwacho Panyika
Pendauluan
Chimurenga chekuAmerica, chakatora nguva kubva muna 1775 kusvika 1783, chakanga chisiri chiitiko chakakosha chete munhoroondo yeUnited States asiwo chakakanganisa zvikuru pasi rose. Kurwisana uku kwakaita kuti matunhu eAmerica azvitonge kubva muhutongi hweBritain uye kwakaumba maonero matsva pamusoro pehurumende, rusununguko, nekodzero dzevanhu. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora nhoroondo yeChimurenga chekuAmerica, maitiro acho pachawo, uye kukanganisa kwacho kukuru pasi rose.
Nhoroondo yeAmerican Revolution
Hondo isati yatanga, matunhu ekuNorth America aigarwa neBritain akanga achiramba achigumbuka. Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvakakonzera chimurenga ichi yaive mitemo yemitero yeBritain isina vamiriri, yakaita seStamp Act ya1765 neTea Act ya1773. Vagari vekoloni vaipikisa pfungwa yekuti "hapana mutero usina vamiriri," iyo vaiona sekutyorwa kwekodzero dzavo sevagari vemuBritain.
Kusanzwisisana uye kugumbuka zvakawedzera sezvo Britain yakapindura kuratidzira kwevakoloni nematanho ekudzvinyirira, akadai sekuvharwa kwechiteshi chengarava cheBoston mushure mekuputsika kwechikepe cheTea Ship muna 1773 uye kugadzwa kwemutemo weIntolerable Acts muna 1774. Kusawirirana uku kwakaita kuti pave nemusangano weFirst and Second Continental Congresses, uyo wakazopedzisira wanyora Declaration of Independence musi wa4 Chikunguru 1776.
Maitiro eChimurenga
Hondo yeChimurenga yeAmerica yakatanga neHondo dzeLexington neConcord muna Kubvumbi 1775. Mauto eAmerica eContinental, achitungamirirwa naGeneral George Washington, akarwisa mauto eBritain akadzidziswa zviri nani uye akashongedzerwa zviri nani. Pasinei nekusangana nematambudziko akawanda, kushinga uye kushinga kwemauto eAmerica, pamwe nerubatsiro kubva kunyika dzekunze dzakadai seFrance, zvakavabvumira kutsungirira uye pakupedzisira kukunda.
Hondo huru dzakadai seHondo yeSaratoga muna 1777 dzaive dzakakosha nekuti kukunda kweAmerica ikoko kwakaita kuti France ivatsigire zviri pamutemo nemubatanidzwa wemauto nemari. Rutsigiro rwakabva kuFrance, pamwe neSpain neNetherlands, rwakatungamira mauto eAmerica kukunda kwakakosha paHondo yeYorktown muna 1781, zvichigumisa hondo yacho.
Nekusaina Chibvumirano cheParis muna 1783, Britain yakabvuma kuzvitonga kweAmerica, uye hondo yakaguma zviri pamutemo. United States yakanga yava nyika yakazvimirira ine hurongwa hutsva hwehurumende yeRepublican.
Mhedzisiro yeChimurenga cheAmerica paNyika
1. Kupararira kwePfungwa dzeDemocracy neRusununguko
Chimurenga chekuAmerica chakapesvedzera zvikuru nyika nekuparadzira pfungwa dzedemocracy nerusununguko. Chiziviso cheKuzvitonga, chakanyorwa naThomas Jefferson, chakasimbisa kodzero dzevanhu, dzakadai sehupenyu, rusununguko, uye kutsvaga mufaro. Pfungwa yekuti hurumende inofanira kuvakirwa pakubvumirana kwevatongi uye kuti vanhu vane kodzero yekupidigura hurumende dzine hudzvanyiriri yakava nheyo huru dzakatorwa nemamwe mapoka echimurenga pasi rose.
2. Kufuridzirwa kweChimurenga Chimwe
Chimurenga chekuAmerica chakakurudzira mafambiro akasiyana-siyana echimurenga, kunyanya Chimurenga chekuFrance cha1789. Vafungi vakawanda vekuFrance nevanhu, vakaita saMarquis de Lafayette, avo vakabatanidzwa zvakananga muHondo yeChimurenga chekuAmerica, vakadzosa pfungwa idzi kuFrance, kwavakakumbira shanduko dzakafanana kuhumambo hweFrance. Zvisinei, Chimurenga chekuFrance, pamwe chete nemhirizhonga yaro yese, chakaitika nenzira yakanyanyisa uye chakabatanidza kusagadzikana kukuru munharaunda.
3. Kupesvedzera Hurongwa hweHurumende neBumbiro reMitemo
Bumbiro reMitemo reUnited States, rakatenderwa muna 1787, uye Mutemo weKodzero wa1791 zvakashanda segwara renyika dzakawanda itsva uye shanduko dzebumbiro remitemo mune dziripo mune ramangwana. Pfungwa dzakadai sehurumende ine miganhu, kupatsanurwa kwemasimba, kuyera nekuyera, uye kodzero dzevanhu nedzezvematongerwo enyika zvakakosheswa zvikuru uye zvakatorwa nenyika zhinji dzaida democracy.
4. Mhedzisiro yezvehupfumi nekutengeserana
Chimurenga cheAmerica chakachinja mamiriro ekutengeserana kwenyika dzese. Nekuzvitonga kwayo kutsva, United States yakakwanisa kuita zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvinobatsira pamwe chete nedzimwe nyika, isina zvirambidzo zvekutengeserana zveBritain. Britain, pasinei nekukundwa kwayo muhondo, yakakurumidza kusimbisa zvibvumirano zvitsva zvekutengeserana, ichisimbisa chinzvimbo chayo mukutengeserana kwenyika dzese nemakoloni ayo ekare semakambani ekutengeserana akazvimirira iye zvino.
5. Kusarudza magumo erudzi rwako
Chimurenga chekuAmerica chakakonzera kukwira kwemapoka ezvematongerwo enyika pasi rose. Makoloni ekuLatin America, Asia, neAfrica akatanga kuumba kurwira kwavo kuzvitonga kubva kumasimba eEurope. Semuenzaniso, Chimurenga chekuAmerica nepfungwa dzacho dzekuzvitonga zvakapesvedzera Simón Bolívar mukurwira kwake kusunungura nyika dzeSouth America kubva muhutongi hweSpain.
6. Shanduko muHukama hwePasi Pose
Chimurenga ichi chakadzidzisawo pasi rose kuti kubudirira muhondo kwaitsamira kwete chete pasimba remauto asiwo pakusimba kwehurumende yezvematongerwo enyika nekubatana kwenyika dzakawanda. Kubatanidzwa kweFrance, Spain, neNetherlands mukubatsira United States kwakaratidza kuchinja kwemutemo wehukama hwenyika dzese, nekubatana kwakarongeka nekubatana kwacho kuchitora basa guru mune zvematongerwo enyika pasi rose.
7. Matambudziko Emukati meAmerica
Kunyange zvazvo kuzvitonga kwakaunza mabhenefiti makuru, United States yakatarisanawo nematambudziko akawanda emukati. Kusawirirana pakati peFederalists, avo vaitsigira hurumende yakasimba, nevaAnti-Federalists, avo vaitsigira simba rehurumende, kwakava nyaya yaida kugadziriswa kuburikidza nekubvumirana mune zvematongerwo enyika uye mitemo. Pamusoro pezvo, dzimwe nyaya dzemuno, dzakadai seuranda, kodzero dzevakadzi, uye kodzero dzevaNative American, dzaida kugadziriswa kwemutemo nemagariro evanhu nguva dzose.
Mhedziso
Chimurenga chekuAmerica chakanga chisiri nguva inokosha chete munhoroondo yeUnited States asiwo chakachinja nhoroondo yenyika. Pfungwa nemisimboti zvakaberekwa neChimurenga chekuAmerica nerusununguko rwerudzi urwu rutsva zvakaita basa guru mukukurumidzisa shanduko dzezvemagariro evanhu, zvematongerwo enyika, uye hupfumi pasi rose. Kukanganisa kwaro kwakakura kwaisanganisira kupararira kwepfungwa dzedemocracy, kufemerwa kwemamwe machimurenga, kugadziriswa kwemasisitimu ehurumende, uye shanduko muhukama hwenyika dzese. Chimurenga chekuAmerica, mukuoma kwacho kwese, chinoshanda semuenzaniso wakajeka wekuti shanduko huru munyika imwe chete dzinogona sei kukanganisa pasi rose.
