Kupesvedzera kweGirisi Yekare paNyika Yemazuva Ano
Girisi yekare, ine nhaka yayo yehungwaru netsika, yakabatsira zvikuru pakukura kwenyika yanhasi. Kubva muhurongwa hwayo hwehurumende kusvika kuhunyanzvi nepfungwa, Girisi yekare ndiyo nzvimbo yakazvarirwa mazano netsika dzakawanda dzatichiri kushandisa nanhasi. Ndezvipi zvimwe zvezvipo zvakakosha zvebudiriro yeGirisi yekare zvakaramba zviripo kusvika munguva yanhasi? Ngationgororei zvimwe zvezvinhu zvayo zvakakosha.
1. Hutongi hweDemokarasi
Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvakapihwa neGreece Yekare kunyika yanhasi kwaive pfungwa yedemocracy. Democracy yeAtene yaive imwe yemienzaniso yekutanga yehurongwa hwehurumende umo vanhu vaive nepfungwa mukuita sarudzo. Kunyangwe iyi democracy yakasiyana nedemocracy yemazuva ano—nekutora chikamu zvakananga uye vagari vechirume chete ndivo vaibvumirwa kutora chikamu—pfungwa huru yekuti simba rekutonga rinofanira kugara nevanhu yakaramba iripo.
Munyika yanhasi, marudzi ehurumende dzedemocracy akashanduka kuita masisitimu evamiriri vakawanda, uko vagari vanosarudza vamiriri kuti vasarudze zvavanoda. Pfungwa yekuti munhu wese ane kodzero yekutora chikamu muhurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika uye kuti simba rehurumende rinobva kuvanhu inhaka yakananga yepfungwa dzekare dzechiGiriki.
2. Uzivi
Girisi yekare ndiyo nzvimbo yakazvarirwa vamwe vevazivi vakuru munhoroondo, kusanganisira Socrates, Plato, naAristotle. Pfungwa dzavo dzakaumba hwaro hwenzvimbo dzakawanda dzeuzivi dzichiri kudzidzwa nanhasi, dzakadai setsika, pfungwa, ruzivo rwepfungwa, uye metaphysics.
Socrates, nenzira yake yakakurumbira, Socratic Method, akadzidzisa kukosha kwekufunga zvakadzama uye kufunga zvakadzama. Plato, mudzidzi waSocrates, akagadzira pfungwa yenyika yakanaka uye akatanga Academy, imwe yezvikoro zvekare zvedzidzo. Aristotle, mudzidzi waPlato, aive munhu ane simba guru muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira biology, zvematongerwo enyika, economics, uye logic. Mabasa avo achiri kudiwa kuti averengerwe mumayunivhesiti mazhinji pasi rese.
3. Sainzi neMasvomhu
Girisi yekare yakaitawo basa guru mukukura kwesainzi nemasvomhu. Masvomhu echiGiriki, ane vanhu vakaita saPythagoras, Euclid, naArchimedes, akapa mipiro mikuru kunheyo dzemasvomhu emazuva ano. Semuenzaniso, Pythagorean Theorem ndeimwe yedzidziso dzakakurumbira uye dzakakosha mu geometry.
Euclid, anowanzozivikanwa saBaba veGeometry, akanyora bhuku rinonzi "Elements," iro richiri rimwe remabhuku ane simba guru munhoroondo yemasvomhu. Archimedes anozivikanwa nekupa kwake mipiro mufizikisi neinjiniya, kusanganisira misimboti yehydrostatics ne mechanics. Zvavakawana nedzidziso zvichiri kushanda uye zvichiri kushandiswa mudzidzo nesainzi nhasi.
4. Hunyanzvi neUnyanzvi Hwakanaka
Runako rweunyanzvi hwekare hwechiGiriki, kubva pakuveza kusvika pakuvaka, huchiri kusiya chiratidzo chahwo munyika yeunyanzvi hwemazuva ano. Zvifananidzo zvekare zvechiGiriki, zvinowanzo ratidza chimiro chemunhu muhuwandu hwakakodzera, zvakafuridzira vaimbi kwemazana emakore. Zvivakwa zvekare zvechiGiriki, nekoramu dzazvo dzeDoric, Ionic, uye Corinthian, zvakafuridzira zvivakwa zvakawanda zveveruzhinji munyika dzekuMadokero, kusanganisira zvivakwa zvakawanda zvehurumende muUnited States neEurope.
Mitambo yemitambo nemitambo zvakare chikamu chakakosha chenhaka yeunyanzvi yeGirisi Yekare. Mitambo yekare yakadai semabasa aAeschylus, Sophocles, naEuripides ichiri kuitwa mumitambo yemitambo pasi rose. Pfungwa yemitambo senzvimbo yekuongorora mamiriro evanhu kuburikidza nenjodzi uye kusetsa inobva mukuvandudzwa kwemitambo yemitambo yechiGiriki.
5. Mitambo neMitambo
Nhaka yemitambo yeGreece Yekare haifanirwe kufuratirwa. Mitambo yeOlympic yekutanga yakaitirwa muOlympia, Greece, munenge mugore ra776 BC. Mitambo yeOlympic Yekare yakava mbiru yakakosha yetsika dzechiGiriki uye yakashanda sechiratidzo chekubatana pakati pemaguta akasiyana-siyana eGreece.
Tsika iyi yakamutsidzirwa pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19 nekudzorerwa kweMitambo yeOlympic yemazuva ano, iyo ichiri chiitiko chepasi rose chekupemberera mweya wemakwikwi epasi rose uye hukama. Mazwi nemitambo yakawanda yatinoziva nhasi, yakadai semarathon (inobva mungano yekumhanya kwaPheidippides kubva kuMarathon kuenda kuAthens), inewo nhaka kubva kuGreece Yekare.
6. Ngano neMabhuku
Ngano dzekare dzechiGiriki dzakapesvedzera zvikuru mabhuku emazuva ano, hunyanzvi, uye tsika dzakakurumbira. Ngano dzevamwari nemagamba echiGiriki dzakataurwa mumabhuku akawanda nemafirimu. Homer, nenhoroondo dzake dzakadai se "Iliad" na "Odyssey," anoratidza zviitiko zveushingi nematambudziko etsika achiri kutaurwa muzvinyorwa zvemazuva ano nenyaya.
Pamusoro pezvo, mazwi nepfungwa dzakawanda kubva mungano dzechiGiriki dzapinda mumutauro wedu wezuva nezuva. Semuenzaniso, "Achilles' heel" inotsanangura kushaya simba kunouraya, "titanic" inoreva chimwe chinhu chikuru, uye "herculean" inotsanangura basa rakaoma zvikuru.
7. Sainzi neMishonga
Munzvimbo dzesainzi nemishonga, Girisi Yekare yaivawo nenhoroondo yakakurumbira. Hippocrates, anowanzonzi Baba veMishonga, akatanga tsika yekurapa yakavakirwa pakuongorora kwekiriniki uye kurongeka kwekuchengetedza zvinyorwa. Mhiko yake yeHippocratic ichiri hwaro hwetsika dzekurapa nanhasi.
Pamusoro pezvo, nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzekare dzechiGiriki dzakadai saPtolemy naHipparchus dzakabatsira zvikuru pakunzwisisa kwedu solar system nenyeredzi. Kunyangwe dzimwe dzidziso dzavo dzakatsiviwa nesainzi yemazuva ano, nzira dzavo uye kururama kwavo zvichiri kukosheswa zvikuru.
Mhedziso
Simba retsika dzekare dzechiGiriki rakabatanidza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu hwevanhu, kubva mune zvematongerwo enyika nepfungwa kusvika kuunyanzvi, kusvika kusayenzi nemitambo. Kunyangwe zvakawanda zvachinja kwezviuru zvemakore, nheyo dzakaiswa nevaGiriki vekare dzichiri kunzwiwa nanhasi. Nekufungisisa uye kukoshesa nhaka yavo, hatingonzwisisi chete mavambo enyika yanhasi asiwo tinowana kurudziro yekuramba tichikura nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu. Nekudzidza kubva munguva yakapfuura, tinogona kuvaka remangwana riri nani uye rine ruzivo rwakawanda. Girisi yekare, nehuchenjeri hwayo hwese, inoramba iri chiedza chinotungamira rwendo rwedu munyika ino yanhasi.
