Kukosha kweHondo dzechiKristu paKubudirira kweEurope
Hondo dzechiKristu, nhevedzano yehondo dzakaitwa nemaKristu ekuEurope kubva muzana remakore rechi11 kusvika rechi13 dzaiva nechinangwa chekudzosa Nyika Tsvene kubva kumaMuslim, dziri pakati pezviitiko zvine musoro munhoroondo yenyika dzekumadokero nedzekumabvazuva. Kunyangwe Hondo dzechiKristu dzichiwanzoonekwa kuburikidza nekukakavadzana nemhirizhonga, nhaka yadzo yakakosha pakubudirira kweEurope hairambike. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora kuti Hondo dzechiKristu dzakachinja sei hupfumi, tsika, zvematongerwo enyika, uye tekinoroji yeEurope panguva iyoyo uye mune ramangwana.
Nhoroondo yeHondo dzechiKristu
Kurwisana kwacho kwakatanga apo Umambo hweByzantine, hwakamanikidzwa nevechiMuslim vechiSeljuk Turks, hwakatsvaga rubatsiro kuna Pope Urban II. PaDare reClermont muna 1095, Pope Urban II akakurudzira maKristu ekuEurope kuti vabatane mu "hondo tsvene" kuti vatorezve Jerusarema. Ndiko kwakatanga kunozivikanwa seHondo Yekutanga YechiKristu (1096–1099), zvichiteverwa nedzimwe nhevedzano dzehondo dzakaramba dzichienderera mberi kwemazana emakore.
Mhedzisiro Yezvehupfumi
Hondo dzechiKristu dzakasimudzira hupfumi hweEurope panguva iyoyo. Chekutanga, dzakagadzira misika mitsva yevatengesi vekuEurope. Kuvhurwa kwenzira itsva dzekutengeserana dzaibatanidza Europe neMiddle East uye kutengeserana zvakananga nemaguta akadai seAcre nezviteshi zveMediterranean zvakaita kuti zvinhu zvitsva zvipinde muEurope. Zvinonhuwira, sirika, nezvimwe zvinhu zveumbozha zvakatanga kuunzwa nevarwi vechiKristu gare gare zvakazova chikamu chakakosha chehupfumi hweEurope.
Chechipiri, hondo iyi yakakurudzira kukura kwemabhanga nemasangano emari muEurope. Masoja nevarwi vehondo vaida mari yakawanda yerwendo rwavo, izvo zvakaita kuti pave nehurongwa hwechikwereti hwakaoma kunzwisisa. Mamwe emabhangi ekutanga nemasangano emari, akadai seTemplars, akaita basa rekupa mari yerwendo urwu.
Kuchinja Kwemagariro Evanhu Netsika
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha pahondo dzechiKristu kwaive kukanganisa kwadzakaita nzanga netsika dzemuEurope. Kudyidzana pakati pevarwi vechiKristu netsika dzechiIslam kwakavandudza ruzivo rwavo nekunzwisisa kwavo. Nguva yehondo yechiKristu yakaunza huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinyorwa nemabasa esainzi kubva kunyika dzechiArabhu kuenda kuEurope, kusanganisira mabasa euzivi, masvomhu, mushonga, uye nyeredzi izvo zvakarambwa kare muchiLatin.
Nyanzvi dzekuEurope dzakatanga kudzidza magwaro evafungi vechiMuslim vakaita saAverroes naAvicenna, izvo zvakabatsira mukukura kwepfungwa dzedzidzo mumayunivhesiti ekuEurope. Izvi zvakakurudzirawo kumutsidzirwa kwetsika dzepfungwa muEurope dzinozivikanwa seScholastic Age, uye zvakaisa hwaro hweRenaissance muzana remakore rakatevera.
Panyaya yeunyanzvi nekuvaka, masitayera eEuropean Gothic neRomanesque akapfumiswawo nezvinhu zveMiddle East. Kunyanya, simba rekuvaka kweIslam rinogona kuonekwa mukuvakwa kwemachechi makuru nemacathedral, izvo zvinoratidza musanganiswa wakabatana wehunyanzvi nemaitiro ekuMabvazuva nekumadokero.
Zvematongerwo enyika Impact
Hondo dzechiKristu dzakakanganisawo zvikuru zvematongerwo enyika muEurope. Nekutsausa pfungwa dzevakuru vakuru vekuEurope kubva pakurwisana kwemukati kuenda kuzvinangwa zvekunze, Hondo dzechiKristu dzakaderedza kurwisana kwakawanda kwemumba kwaive kushayisa simba Humambo Hutsvene hweRoma nedzimwe nyika dzemuEurope.
Uyezve, rutsigiro rwakawanikwa neChechi yeKatorike kuburikidza neHondo dzechiKristu dzakasimbisa simba raPapa uye dzakabatanidza maKristu ekuEurope mukutarisana nekutyisidzirwa kwekunze. Izvi zvakabatsira pakuva nepfungwa yakasimba yekubatana pakati penyika dzekuEurope, kunyangwe kubatana uku dzimwe nguva kwaive kwenguva pfupi.
Uyezve, zvematongerwo enyika zvechikoloni zvakachinjawo nekugadzwa kweCrusader States muLevant, dzakadai seHumambo hweJerusarema neDunhu reTripoli. Kunyangwe zvazvo dzaivepo kwenguva pfupi, dzakapa ruzivo nezvemaitiro ekutonga nezvematongerwo enyika ayo akazogadziriswa nemadzimambo eEurope mukuwedzera kwawo munzvimbo itsva.
Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva uye Tekinoroji
Hondo dzeCrusades dzakashandawo senzira yekuunza hunyanzvi muEurope. Kushandiswa kwezvinjini zvekukomba, zvakaita setrebuchets ne ballistae, pamwe chete nehunyanzvi hwemauto kubva kuMiddle East, zvakatorwa uye zvakavandudzwa. Ruzivo rwehunyanzvi hwekurima hwakanyanya hwakaunzwawo kumba nevarwi veCrusades, zvichikonzera shanduko muhunyanzvi hwekurima muEurope yese.
Pamusoro pezvo, mauto eCrusade akadzidza matekiniki esimbi nekugadzira zvombo kubva kunyika dzechiMuslim dzaive dzakabudirira panguva iyoyo. Kugadzirwa kwesimbi nesimbi, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwemhando yezvombo, zvaive zvimwe zvemigumisiro yakananga yekudyidzana uku.
Zvinorehwa nechitendero
Hazvigoni kufuratirwa kuti Hondo dzechiKristu dzakakanganisawo chitendero. Kushingaira kwechitendero kwakasimudzirwa neHondo dzechiKristu kwakaita kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu anobatsira pakuvandudzwa kwemauto echitendero akadai seTemplars, Hospitallers, neTeutons. Izvi zvakabatsira kuronga nekuronga mauto pasi pemitemo yechitendero, zvichiisa hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwemauto emazuva ano muEurope.
Mhedziso
Kunyange zvazvo Hondo dzechiKristu dzichiwanzorangarirwa senguva yekurwisana kwakapararira uye kukunda, zvakakosha kuziva kuti dzakakonzerawo zviitiko zvakakosha munhoroondo yeEurope. Kubva pakukura kwekutengeserana nekukura kwehupfumi, kusvika pakukura kwepfungwa netsika, kusvika pakuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji nemauto, kusvika pakubatana kwezvematongerwo enyika nechitendero, simba reHondo dzechiKristu rakapararira munenge mune zvese zvehupenyu hweEurope panguva iyoyo.
Pakupedzisira, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti Hondo dzechiKristu dzakaisa hwaro hwenguva yekufambira mberi kweEurope inozivikanwa seRenaissance neScientific Revolution. Nhaka yehondo idzi, dzakanaka nedzakaipa, inoramba ichipesvedzera nyika yeEurope kusvika nhasi, uye pasina mubvunzo inopa zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinokosha kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera mukunzwisisa kuoma kwekudyidzana kwetsika dzakasiyana-siyana nezvitendero.
