Chakavanzika Chekunyangarika kweTitanic: Njodzi Isingaperi
Rwendo rwekutanga rweRMS Titanic pausiku hwaKubvumbi 15, 1912, ruchiri rumwe rwenjodzi dzisingakanganwiki uye dzisinganzwisisike munhoroondo yezvikepe. Ngarava hombe, yaimbonzi "hainyure," yakanyura muNorth Atlantic Ocean, ikauraya vatasvi nevashandi vanopfuura 1.500. Pasinei nekutsvagurudza kwakakura, chakavanzika chakakomberedza ruzivo rwezviitiko zvehusiku ihwohwo uye chikonzero chechokwadi chekunyura kweTitanic chinoramba chichibata vazhinji.
1. Nhoroondo uye Kugadzirira kweTitanic
Ngarava yeRMS Titanic ndiyo yaive ngarava yakakura uye yepamusoro-soro pasi rose payakatangwa. Yakavakwa naHarland naWolff muBelfast, Ireland, Titanic yaive yeWhite Star Line. Yaive yakareba mamita 269, yakafara mamita 28, uye yaitakura matani anopfuura 46.000. Yakagadzirwa kuti ikwanise kutakura vanhu vanopfuura 2.200 nevashandi, kubva kukirasi yekutanga yepamusoro kusvika kukirasi yechitatu yakaderera asi yakakwana.
Ngarava iyi yaive nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwenguva iyoyo, kusanganisira magonhi asingapindi mvura otomatiki ayo aigona kupatsanura ngarava kuita zvikamu kudzivirira mafashamo makuru kana ganda rengarava rikapwanyika. Vazhinji vaidavira kuti tekinoroji iyi yakaita kuti Titanic isanyure, asi pausiku hwenjodzi iyi, kutenda uku kwakaparadzwa.
2. Kutanga kweRwendo
Ngarava yeTitanic yakabva kuSouthampton, England, musi wa10 Kubvumbi 1912, ichienda kuNew York City, United States. Mushure mekumira muCherbourg, France, neQueenstown (yava kunzi Cobh), Ireland, ngarava iyi yakayambuka Atlantic Ocean. Ngarava iyi yakatakura vanhu vakasiyana-siyana, kubva kuvanhu vepamusoro, kusanganisira vanhu vakapfuma vepanguva iyoyo, kusvika kune vanhu vakatamira kune dzimwe nyika vaitsvaga hupenyu hutsva muAmerica.
3. Husiku hweNjodzi
Husiku hwaKubvumbi 14, 1912, makungwa akanga akadzikama uye mamiriro ekunze aitonhora zvikuru. Kunyangwe Titanic yakanga yanyeverwa kakawanda nezvemazaya echando munzira yayo, kumhanya kwayo hakuna kuderera zvakanyanya. Pedyo nepakati pehusiku, nenguva dza23:40 PM, shongwe yesimbi yakaona chando. Vakuru vebhiriji nevashandi vepabhiriji vakaedza pakarepo kudzivirira kubonderana nekutendeudza chidzoreso nekudzosera mainjini kumashure, asi daro racho rakanga rava pedyo zvakanyanya kuti risakwanise kudziviswa zvachose. Ngarava yakarova chando chaiva padivi rayo, ichikuvadza nzvimbo dzakawanda dzisingapindi mvura pasi pemvura.
4. Maitiro ekunyura
Mushure mekuroverana, Captain Edward Smith nemapurisa ake vakangoona kuti ngarava yakanga yava pangozi yekunyura. Vakatanga kuraira vanhu kuti vabude muchikepe ndokudzikisa magwa ekununura vanhu. Zvinoshamisa kuti, Titanic yakanga ine magwa ekununura vanhu makumi maviri chete, akakwana vanhu vanosvika 1.178. Nhamba iyi yakapfuura nhamba yese yevatakuri nevashandi vaiva muchikepe, sezvo mitemo yekufambisa panguva iyoyo yakavakirwa pahuwandu hwengarava, kwete huwandu hwevatakuri.
Kudzikiswa kwezvikepe zvekununura vanhu kwakanga kusina kurongeka. Mazhinji acho akadzikiswa hafu chete nekuda kwekutya kana kusashanda zvakanaka. Vamwe vatakuri nevashandi vakaramba vachiramba kuti Titanic yaigona kunyura kusvika panguva yekupedzisira.
5. Mushure mekunyura: Kuferefeta neKududzira
Mushure mekunge Titanic yanyura, ikauraya vanhu vanopfuura hafu yevaya vaifamba nayo nevashandi vayo, nyika yakashamisika, uye kuferefeta kwakaitwa kakawanda kuti paonekwe chikonzero chaicho chenjodzi iyi. Dzidziso dzakasiyana-siyana nedudziro dzakabuda, kubva pakukanganisa kwevanhu kusvika pakukundikana kwehunyanzvi.
Ongororo yekutanga yakagumisa kuti Titanic yakanyura mushure mekurovera nechando, izvo zvakakuvadza chikepe. Kumhanya kwakanyanya uye kusaonekwa ndizvo zvakakonzera izvi. Zvisinei, nekufamba kwenguva, dzimwe dzidziso dzakabuda, dzakadai sepfungwa yekuti simbi yakashandiswa pakuvaka chikepe yakanga isina kusimba zvakakwana uye yakapwanyika kana kuchitonhora, kana kuti ma rivet akashandiswa akanga asina kunaka.
6. Mazano neNgano
Pamusoro pekuferefeta kwepamutemo, dzidziso dzakasiyana-siyana dzenhema dzakabuda. Vamwe vanotenda kuti ngarava iyi yakatukwa nekuda kwezvitunha zvekare zvekuIjipiti zvakatakurwa muchikepe cheTitanic. Imwe dzidziso inoratidza kuti Titanic yakavakwazve kubva muchikepe chayo chekare, Olympic, icho chakakuvara zvakanyanya mutsaona yapfuura ndokuzonyudzwa nemaune sechitsotsi cheinishuwarenzi.
Mafirimu nemabhuku akawanda akasimbisa nekuparadzira dzidziso idzi nengano, zvichiwedzera rumwe rutivi kune chakavanzika cheTitanic. Kunyangwe hazvo dzidziso idzi dzakawanda dzisina humbowo hwakasimba, dzinoramba dzichibata pfungwa dzeveruzhinji.
7. Kuwanikwa kweNdege Yakaparara
Mushure memakore anopfuura makumi manomwe ari pasi pegungwa, tsaona yeTitanic yakawanikwa muna 1985 nechikwata chaitungamirirwa naDr. Robert Ballard. Kuwanikwa uku kwakawedzera ruzivo rutsva nezvemamiriro engarava payakanyura. Chimwe chakawanikwa chakakonzera kugadziriswa kukuru kwaive kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekuti Titanic yakapwanyika sei nepakati isati yanyura, chinhu chakanga chisina kunyatsonzwisiswa kare.
Zvinhu zvakawanda zvakawanikwa kubva mutsaona iyi zvakaunzwa pachena uye zvakaratidzwa mumamiziyamu pasi rese. Zvakawanikwa izvi zvinobatsira kupa mufananidzo wakajeka wezvakaitika husiku hwaKubvumbi, asi zvinomutsawo mibvunzo yetsika nezvekuongorora tsaona iyi, iyo inoshanda seguva repasi pemvura kune vazhinji vevakaurayiwa.
8. Nhaka yeTitanic
Njodzi yeTitanic yakakonzera shanduko huru muindasitiri yekutakura zvinhu. Musangano weInternational Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) wakaziviswa muna 1914, uye shanduko huru dzakaitwa kumitemo ine chekuita nemagwa ekununura vanhu, kudzidziswa kwevashandi, uye kutariswa kwechando.
Ngarava yeTitanic haina kungopesvedzera mitemo yekufamba mugungwa chete asiwo yakasiya nhaka mutsika dzakakurumbira. Mafirimu, mabhuku, nemifananidzo inoratidza njodzi iyi zvichiri kubudiswa, zvichifadza zvizvarwa zvakawanda. Mapati ekurangarira uye kuferefeta paindaneti zvinowanzoitwawo kurangarira avo vakarasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo mungarava.
9. Mhedziso: Chidzidzo kubva muNhoroondo
Kunyangwe ruzivo rwakawanda rwemazuva ano nesainzi zvakabatsira kutsanangura zvinhu zvakawanda nezvenjodzi yeTitanic, kuchine runyararo rwezvakavanzika uye kuda kuziva. Ingava kuzvikudza kwevanhu, kukanganisa kwehunyanzvi, kana kungova rombo rakaipa zvakagumisa ngarava, chimwe chinhu chine chokwadi: Titanic yakadzidzisa zvidzidzo zvakakosha nezvekuzvininipisa, kukosha kwekuchengetedzeka, uye kushamisika nehutsinye hwezvisikwa. Titanic ichiri chiratidzo chekukundikana kwevanhu netariro, nyaya yekunyevera icharamba iripo nekusingaperi.
