Hondo yeVietnam uye Kukanganisa Kwayo kuAmerica
Hondo yeVietnam, iyo yakagara kubva muna 1955 kusvika 1975, yaive imwe yehondo dzinokakavadzana zvikuru uye dzakakonzera gakava munhoroondo yeUnited States. Kwemakumi maviri emakore, hondo iyi yakaedza kutsunga kweAmerica nemaitiro ayo, yakachinja mamiriro emagariro evanhu nezvematongerwo enyika, uye yakasiya simba guru munharaunda yeAmerica.
Nhoroondo yeHondo yeVietnam
Hondo yeVietnam yakatanga sehondo yemuno pakati pehurumende yemakomunisti kuChamhembe, inotungamirwa naHo Chi Minh, nehurumende yekuChamhembe, ichitsigirwa neUnited States. Pakutanga, United States yaingopa rubatsiro rwemauto nehupfumi chete kutsigira Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). Zvisinei, nekuwedzera kwesimba remakomunisti kuChamhembe uye kunetseka nezvemhedzisiro yedomino, apo kudzikira kweimwe nyika kuCommunism kwaigona kutungamira mukudonha kwenyika dzakapoteredza, United States yakawedzera kubatanidzwa kwayo muhondo yakazara.
Kupindira kweAmerica kwakatanga zviri pamutemo nechiitiko cheGulf of Tonkin muna 1964, icho chakakonzera kuwedzera kwehondo. Pakupindira kwayo kukuru, mauto eAmerica anopfuura 500.000 aive muVietnam. Zvisinei, pasinei nesimba rayo rehondo, maAmerican akatarisana nematambudziko makuru mukurwisa magandanga eViet Cong neuto reNorth Vietnam raive neruzivo rwakanyanya uye raida zvikuru.
Kukanganisa Kwemagariro Evanhu muUnited States
Hondo yeVietnam yakakonzera kusawirirana kukuru munharaunda yeAmerica. Pakutanga, maAmerican mazhinji akatsigira kubatanidzwa kwemauto sechikamu chekuedza kwepasi rose kurwisa chikomunisiti. Zvisinei, nekufamba kwenguva, rutsigiro urwu rwakatanga kudzikira nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kutanga, vezvenhau vakaita basa guru mukuumba mafungiro evanhu. Kekutanga munhoroondo, hondo yakaburitswa mhenyu mumakamuri ekutandarira evaAmerica paterevhizheni. Mifananidzo yehutsinye yehondo, kufa kwevanhuwo zvavo, uye kuparadzwa kwakatanga kuchinja maonero evanhu nezvechokwadi chehondo.
Chechipiri, huwandu hwakanyanya hwevanhu vakakuvara pamwe nekusarudzwa kwevanhu kuti vapinde muchiuto zvakakonzera kuratidzira kwakapararira munyika yese. Vechidiki vazhinji vekuAmerica vakamanikidzwa kurwa muhondo yavaisatenda kana kutombonzwisisa zvizere. Kurwisana kwehondo kwakatanga kukura, kuchitungamirirwa nevadzidzi, vanorwira kodzero dzevanhu, nevatungamiriri venharaunda. Kuratidzira kukuru, kwakadai sekuratidzira kwakaitwa muna 1969 muWashington, D.C., uko kwakakwezva mazana ezviuru zvevanhu, kwakaratidza kusagutsikana kwevanhu nehurongwa hwehurumende.
Chechitatu, nyaya dzerusaruraganda dzakawedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Kunyangwe vanhu vatema vekuAmerica vaimiririra vanhu vanosvika 10% chete, vaimiririra vanhu vanosvika 30% vevakanyoreswa. Izvi zvakakonzera kusaruramisira uye zvakawedzera kusawirirana kwerusaruraganda muUnited States.
Mhedzisiro Yezvematongerwo Enyika Nezvehupfumi
Muzvematongerwo enyika, Hondo yeVietnam yakakanganisa zvikuru mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika eAmerica. Kukundwa muVietnam kwakakanganisa zvikuru kuvimbika kwehurumende yeAmerica nemauto. Kuvimba neveruzhinji muvatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika nemasangano ehurumende kwakadzikira. Nyaya yeWatergate yaisanganisira Mutungamiri Nixon yakawedzera dambudziko iri rekuvimbana, zvikaita kuti abve pachigaro muna 1974.
Panyaya dzezvehupfumi, mari yakawanda yehondo yakaisawo mutoro. America yakashandisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi matanhatu nemasere emadhora pakutsigira hondo, inoenzana nemari inodarika madhora tiririyoni imwe chete mumari yanhasi. Mari iyi yakakonzera kushomeka kwemari uye kukwira kwemitengo muma1970. Zviwanikwa zvaigona kuendeswa kubudiriro yemuno zvakatorwa kuhondo dziri kure nemusha.
Kukanganisa Kwakaitwa Veterans
Kukanganisa kukuru kweHondo yeVietnam kwakaonekwa muhondo yeVietnam yaidzokera kudzimba. Masoja aidzoka aiwanzoomerwa nekujaira hupenyu hwevagari vemo. Vazhinji vaitambura nedambudziko rekushushikana mushure mekutambudzika (PTSD), kukuvara kwemuviri, nezvimwe zvinetso zvehutano hwepfungwa. Zvinosuwisa kuti panguva iyoyo, ruzivo nerutsigiro rwehutano hwepfungwa rwakanga rusina kukwira sezvazviri nhasi, saka varwi vazhinji vehondo havana kurapwa zvakakwana.
Uyezve, varwi vehondo yeVietnam vaisawanzoonekwa uye vaisaremekedzwa nekuda kwebasa ravo. Pane kudaro, vaigara vachisangana nerusarura nekurambwa nenzanga yairamba hondo. Chiitiko ichi chakasiyana nechevarwi vehondo yeHondo Yenyika II vakadzokera kudzimba dzavo semagamba.
Kufungisisa nezveTsika neMidhiya
Kukanganiswa kwetsika kweHondo yeVietnam kwaive kwakakoshawo. Mabasa akawanda emabhuku, mafirimu, nemimhanzi zvakabuda kubva muzvakaitika muhondo. Mafirimu akaita se "Apocalypse Now," "Platoon," uye "Full Metal Jacket" akaratidza hutsinye hwehondo nemhedzisiro yayo pamasoja nenzanga. Mimhanzi yakashandawo senzira yekuratidzira nekufunga, nenziyo dzevaimbi vakaita saBob Dylan naCreedence Clearwater Revival dzichiita basa guru mukuumba mafungiro everuzhinji.
Uyezve, Hondo yeVietnam yakakonzera gakava refu pamusoro pemutemo wekune dzimwe nyika weAmerica. Vazhinji vakatanga kusava nechokwadi nekuchenjera kwekupindira kwemauto eAmerica munyika dzekunze, uye vamwe vakatsigira nzira dzezvematongerwo enyika, dzisiri dzehondo.
Mhedziso
Hondo yeVietnam yaive chitsauko chakasviba munhoroondo yeAmerica. Kurwisana uku kwaisangova kwekurwira muhondo chete, asiwo kwekurwira tsika dzakanaka kumba. Kwairatidza rudzi rwainetseka kunzwisisa hunhu hwarwo, mutemo warwo wekunze, uye hukama huripo pakati pehurumende yarwo nevanhu varwo.
Kubva pamaonero ehondo, hondo yakaratidza kuti kugona kwehunyanzvi uye huwandu hwevanhu hazviwanzo sarudza kukunda, kunyanya muhondo dzinosanganisira hondo dzemagandanga uye kuramba kwevanhu. Kubva pamaonero emagariro evanhu nezvematongerwo enyika, Hondo yeVietnam yakaratidza kukosha kwekujeka, kuzvidavirira, uye marongero akavakirwa pahunhu neruramisiro.
Makore makumi mana mushure mekupera kwehondo, simba rayo richiri kunzwika mune zvese zvinoitika muhupenyu hweAmerica, kubva muhurongwa hwekunze kusvika kutsika dzevanhu. Zvidzidzo zveHondo yeVietnam zvichiri kukosha uye zvakakosha kurangarira kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvakafanana kuti zvisadzokororwe mune ramangwana.
