Basa raMambokadzi Elizabeth I muNhoroondo yeBritain
Mambokadzi Elizabeth I, anowanzotsanangurwa sa“Mambokadzi Mhandara” kana kuti “Gloriana,” aive mumwe wevanhu vakakosha uye vane simba munhoroondo yeEngland. Achitonga England kubva muna 1558 kusvika parufu rwake muna 1603, kutonga kwaElizabeth I kunozivikanwa seNguva yaElizabethan, ichiratidza nguva yegoridhe munhoroondo yeEngland yaisanganisira kuwedzera kukuru kwehunyanzvi, mabhuku, uye simba rezvematongerwo enyika.
Mavambo uye Kukwira kuChigaro
Elizabeth akaberekwa musi wa7 Gunyana, 1533, kuna Mambo Henry VIII nemudzimai wake, Anne Boleyn. Zvisinei, muchato wavo wakazara nekusawirirana nemitambo, izvo zvakakanganisa hupenyu hwaElizabeth kubva pakutanga. Amai vake pavakaurayiwa nekuda kwekupanduka, Elizabeth aive nemakore matatu chete ekuberekwa uye akanzi haasi wepamutemo. Pasinei nekukanganiswa nepfungwa dzemhuri yehumambo, Elizabeth akawana dzidzo yakanaka kwazvo, achidzidza mitauro yakati wandei nedzimwe nzira dzaizomubatsira muhutongi hwake hwese.
Zvisinei, rwendo rwaElizabeth pachigaro cheumambo rwakanga rusiri nyore. Mushure mekufa kwababa vake, Henry VIII, England yakatongwa nemunin'ina waElizabeth, Edward VI, uyo akafa achiri mudiki. Chigaro cheumambo chakazogara nhaka nehanzvadzi yaElizabeth, Mary I, anozivikanwa sa "Bloody Mary" nekuda kwekutambudza kwake maProtestant ekuEngland. Utongi hwaMary hwakazara nekusawirirana kwechitendero, asi Mary paakafa muna 1558, Elizabeth wemuProtestant akagara pachigaro, zvichigumisa nyonganyonga.
Hutungamiriri hwezvematongerwo enyika nechitendero
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukutonga kwaElizabeth I kwaive kuyedza kwake kudzikamisa kusawirirana kwechitendero kwaityisidzira kugadzikana kweEngland. Chimwe chisarudzo chikuru chaive Mutemo weUniformity wa1559, waida kubatanidza chechi yeEngland nekutanga gwaro rekunamata, Bhuku reMunamato Wakajairika, raibatanidza zvinhu zveKaturike nePurotesitendi, ukuwo richisimbisa chinzvimbo cheChechi yeAnglican.
Elizabeth akadzivisawo mhirizhonga yetsika yaitambudza Mary pakutonga uye akaedza kudzivirira kudzorwa neboka rimwe chete rechitendero. Uchenjeri hwaElizabeth hwechitendero nehunyanzvi hwake hwekutaurirana zvakaita basa guru mukuona kuti zvematongerwo enyika nemagariro evanhu zvakagadzikana panguva yekutonga kwake, kunyange zvazvo asina kudzivirira matambudziko nezvirongwa zvekurangana.
Nguva Yekubudirira Yetsika
Kutonga kwaElizabeth kunozivikanwawo senguva yegoridhe muunyanzvi nemabhuku. Kutsigira kwaElizabeth hunyanzvi kwakagadzira nzvimbo yakaorera yekukura kwevanyori nevadetembi vane mukurumbira vakaita saWilliam Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, naEdmund Spenser. Mitambo yaShakespeare, yakaita se "Hamlet," "Macbeth," uye "A Midsummer Night's Dream," yakazvarwa munguva iyi uye yakasiya nhaka inogara kwenguva refu mumabhuku epasi rose.
Mimhanzi, hunyanzvi, uye kuvaka kwakabudirirawo munguva iyi. Vanhu vakaita semunyori wenziyo William Byrd nemupendi Nicholas Hilliard vakazivikanwa, uye runako rweElizabethan muchimiro chekuvaka ruchiri kuwanikwa muzvivakwa zvakawanda zvakakosha muEngland yese.
Hupfumi neKuwedzera Kwenyika
Pamusoro pemitemo yake yemumba yakanaka, Elizabeth I aizivikanwawo nemutemo wake wehupfumi uye wekuwedzera. Munguva yake yekutonga, Elizabeth akatsigira kuongorora zvikepe nekufamba nechikepe. Vanhu vakuru vakaita saSir Francis Drake naSir Walter Raleigh vakaita basa guru mukuwedzera kweEngland kupinda muNyika Itsva, vachivhura nzira itsva dzekutengeserana, uye vachiunza pfuma kuEngland.
Chimwe chezviitiko zvikuru mukuongorora kwakaitwa naSir Francis Drake kubva muna 1577 kusvika 1580, izvo zvakaunza mweya weushingi uye wekuda zvinhu zvitsva weEngland pachikuva chepasi rose. Kunyangwe kutsvakurudza kwake kwaiwanzoperekedzwa nekukakavadzana nekushandiswa zvisina kunaka, mupiro wavo haugone kupfuudzwa zvakanyanya mukushandura chinzvimbo cheEngland pachikuva chepasi rose.
Kurwisana uye Kukunda muMasoja
Kuwedzera pakubudirira kwake muhurongwa hwenyika nekutsvaga nyika, Elizabeth I aifanirawo kutarisana nekutyisidzirwa kwemauto chaiwo. Chimwe chezvinetso zvikuru chaive kutyisidzirwa kweSpanish Armada muna 1588. Spain, pasi paMambo Philip II, yaiona England semuvengi mukuru nekuda kwekutsigira kwayo vapanduki veDutch uye kuramba kwaElizabeth kuroora Philip.
Ngarava yehondo ine simba yeSpain yakaenda kuEngland nechinangwa chekunorwisa nekupidigura Elizabeth. Zvisinei, nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwevasori vehondo yeEngland vakaita saSir Francis Drake uye mamiriro ekunze asingatarisirwi, maEngland akakunda Spanish Armada. Kukunda uku kwakasimbisa hakuna kungowedzera simba reEngland chete asiwo kwakasimbisa simba reBritish Navy.
Mufananidzo waMambokadzi Mhandara
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuyeukwa nezvaMambokadzi Elizabeth I ipfungwa yake paruzhinji se "Mhandara Mambokadzi." Haana kumbobvira aroora, pasinei nemakuhwa akawanda uye fungidziro pamusoro pehukama hwakawanda hwerudo, kusanganisira humwe naRobert Dudley, Earl weLeicester. Sarudzo yake yekusaroora inowanzoonekwa senzira yezvematongerwo enyika yekuchengetedza kutonga kwakazara kwesimba uye kudzivirira kutonga kwedzimwe mhuri kana matunhu.
Elizabeth akashandisa mufananidzo uyu kuti aonekwe seutsvene uye achitya. Aiwanzoratidzwa mumifananidzo yeunyanzvi nemidziyo yehumambo ine zviratidzo zveumhandara, simba, neuchenjeri. Mifananidzo iyi nekuparadzira mashoko zvaive chikamu chehurongwa hwaElizabeth hwekusimbisa chinzvimbo chake uye kuona kuti vanhu vake nevashandi vake vaive vakavimbika.
Kuguma kweKutonga uye Nhaka
Asina vana, rufu rwaElizabeth musi wa24 Kurume 1603, rwakaratidza kuguma kwedzinza raTudor nekutanga kwedzinza raStuart, nekugara kwaJames VI weScotland pachigaro cheumambo saJames I weEngland. Kunyangwe izvi zvakaratidza kuchinja kwedzinza, nhaka yaElizabeth yakaramba iripo.
Nhaka yaElizabeth I haingoratidzwi chete mukugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika nechitendero kwaakawana asiwo mukukurudzirwa kwetsika nekubudirira kwehupfumi kwaakasiya. Zvinoita sekuti kubudirira kwaElizabeth I kwaisangova mhedzisiro yeuchenjeri hwake chete asiwo dzidzo nehunyanzvi hwaakavandudza kwenguva yakareba yekusangana nematambudziko ematare edzimhosva uye kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika.
Penutup
Basa raMambokadzi Elizabeth I munhoroondo yeChirungu harirambiki. Hutungamiriri hwake hwehuchenjeri, hunyanzvi hwake hwekudzidzisa zvechitendero, kutsigira kwake hunyanzvi netsika, uye hunyanzvi hwake hwemauto zvakasiya chiratidzo chikuru munhoroondo yeChirungu. Nguva yaElizabeth I haina kungoratidza kudzokazve muminda yekugadzira nedzidzo chete asiwo yakasimbisa chinzvimbo cheEngland sesimba guru rezvehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika pasi rose. Nhaka yake ichiripo uye inopesvedzera mativi akasiyana-siyana etsika nezvematongerwo enyika zveChirungu kusvika nhasi.
