Ukwenziwa kanye nomlando weSifanekiso seNkululeko
I-Statue of Liberty, evame ukwaziwa ngokuthi "Liberty Enlightening the World," ingenye yezimpawu eziqashelwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Njengoba imi kahle kakhulu e-Liberty Island eNew York Harbor, e-USA, isibe uphawu lwenkululeko, ithemba, nethuba ezigidini eziyibonayo. Lesi sihloko sizochaza umlando kanye nokudalwa kwe-Statue of Liberty, kanye nencazelo yayo ejulile kanye nethonya layo.
Umlando weSifanekiso seNkululeko
I-Statue of Liberty yayiyisipho esivela kubantu baseFrance esiya e-United States, sikhumbula iminyaka eyikhulu yokuzimela kweMelika futhi sigubha ubungane phakathi kwala mazwe amabili. Lo mbono waqala ukuphakanyiswa ngu-Édouard René de Laboulaye, isazi sezomthetho saseFrance kanye nososayensi wezepolitiki, owabona lesi sipho esingokomfanekiso njengobufakazi bobungani nokuzibophezela ezindinganisweni zenkululeko kanye nentando yeningi ezikhuthazwa yila mazwe womabili.
Lo msebenzi waqala ngo-1865, eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili impela ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yombango yaseMelika, lapho uLaboulaye ephakamisa lo mbono kumqophi wezithombe odumile waseFrance uFrédéric Auguste Bartholdi. UBartholdi wavuma ukuhola lo msebenzi futhi waqala ukuklama isithombe esasizoba esinye sezikhumbuzo ezidumile emhlabeni.
Ukwenziwa Kwesithombe Senkululeko
Ukuklama Nokuqoqa Imali
UFrédéric Auguste Bartholdi waklama lesi sithombe esibonisa owesifazane egqoke ingubo yesimanje, isandla sakhe sokunene sibambe isibani esivuthayo njengophawu lokukhanyiselwa kanti isandla sakhe sokhohlo sibambe ithebhulethi ebhalwe ukuthi “JULY IV MDCCLXXVI” (Julayi 4, 1776), usuku lokukhumbula ukuzimela kwe-United States. Ezinyaweni zesithombe kukhona izintambo eziphukile, ezifanekisela inkululeko ebugqilini kanye nobudlova.
Ukuze kufezwe lo mbono omkhulu, kwakudingeka imali eningi. EFrance, imali yayiqoqwa ngokuyinhloko ngeminikelo yangasese, ama-lottery, kanye nemibukiso yobuciko. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, e-United States, imizamo yokuqoqa imali yayihlanganisa umkhankaso kamagazini kaJoseph Pulitzer othi “New York World” onxusa abaseMelika ukuba banikele kulo msebenzi omkhulu.
Ukukhiqiza Nokwakha eFrance
Ukwakhiwa kwesithombe kwaqala eFrance ngo-1875 futhi kwaqedwa ngo-1884. Sakhiwe ngamashidi ethusi acwebezelwe futhi safakwa ohlakeni lwensimbi olwaklanywa nguGustave Eiffel, kamuva owaduma ngombhoshongo obizwa ngegama lakhe eParis. Ubunjiniyela obusha buka-Eiffel baqinisekisa ukuthi isithombe sizoma siqine futhi sikhuthazelele imimoya enamandla kanye nezimo zezulu ezinzima.
Lapho sekuqediwe, lesi sithombe sahlakazwa saba yizicucu ezingu-350 ezihlukene futhi safakwa emabhokisini angu-214 ukuze sithunyelwe eMelika. Lolu hambo olude lwenziwa ngolwandle, futhi lwafika eNew York Harbor ngoJuni 17, 1885.
Ukwakhiwa e-United States
E-United States, ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo sesithombe kwaqhubeka kanyekanye nokwakhiwa kwaso eFrance. Izimali zalesi sisekelo esikhulu nazo zaqoqwa ngeminikelo yomphakathi. Umakhi waseMelika uRichard Morris Hunt waklama isisekelo segranite esingamamitha angu-47 ukuphakama esisekela isithombe sethusi.
Ngemva kokufika eMelika, izingxenye zesithombe zahlanganiswa futhi zahlanganiswa kabusha. Le nqubo yathatha cishe izinyanga ezine, kwathi ekugcineni, mhla zingama-28 kuMfumfu 1886, iSitatimende Senkululeko sambulwa nguMongameli uGrover Cleveland emcimbini omkhulu phambi kwezinkulungwane zabantu.
Incazelo kanye nethonya leSithombe seNkululeko
I-Statue of Liberty ayisona nje isipho sezombusazwe, kodwa futhi iyisibonakaliso senkululeko nokwamukelwa. Selokhu yasungulwa, lesi sithombe siye saba yisibani kubokufika abangena e-United States nge-Ellis Island. Abokufika abaningi babheka ukubona kwabo okokuqala i-Statue of Liberty njengophawu lwethemba kanye nesiqalo esisha ezweni elithembisa inkululeko.
Lesi sithombe siphinde sibize izimiso zentando yeningi kanye nokumelana nokucindezelwa kanye nobudlova. Amagama aqoshwe esibhebheni kanye nesithombe esikhanyiswe ngethoshi, esikhanyiswa ebusuku, sekuyisibonakaliso esaziwayo semibono eyasekelwa ngabasunguli be-United States.
I-Statue of Liberty iphinde yasebenza njengesizinda sezinhlangano ezahlukene zamalungelo abantu kanye nezenhlalo e-United States. Ngokwesibonelo, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, yayisetshenziswa emikhankasweni yokuvota kwabesifazane. Ngokufanayo, ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II kanye neMpi Yomshoshaphansi, lesi sithombe saba uphawu lomzabalazo wokulwa nobushiqela kanye nokusabalala kwentando yeningi ekhululekile.
Ngaphandle kokuba uphawu lwezepolitiki nolwezenhlalo, iSithombe Senkululeko siyinto yamasiko, evezwa emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yobuciko, izincwadi, amafilimu nomculo. Abaculi nababhali abaningi, abaphefumulelwe ubuhle baso nencazelo yaso ejulile, bachaze lesi sithombe njengophawu lwenkululeko nobuciko.
Ukugcinwa Nokuthuthukiswa Kwesithombe Senkululeko
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Statue of Liberty yabhekana nezinhlelo eziningana zokulungiswa nokugcinwa kwayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlala isikhathi eside futhi inobuhle. Enye yezinhlelo zokulungiswa ezibanzi kakhulu zenzeka kusukela ngo-1984 kuya ku-1986, ngaphambi nje kokugubha iminyaka eyi-100 yesithombe. Phakathi nalokhu kulungiswa, uhlaka lwensimbi lwesithombe lwathathelwa indawo uhlaka olusha, olungagqwali kakhulu, isibani sokuqala saphinde sakhanyiswa ngolusha, olukhanyayo, futhi kwenziwa ezinye izinguquko ezahlukene zesakhiwo.
Ngo-2011, iLiberty Island kanye neStatue of Liberty kwathuthukiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ulwazi lwezivakashi futhi kuqiniswe isakhiwo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwakuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kokufinyeleleka nokuvikeleka, kanye nokuvulwa kabusha komqhele wesithombe emphakathini.
Isiphetho
I-Statue of Liberty ingaphezu nje komsebenzi wobuciko omkhulu; idlulisela umyalezo ojulile wenkululeko, ithemba, kanye nomzabalazo wabantu wokufinyelela izindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu. Kusukela ekudalweni kwayo, ukubambisana okunentshiseko phakathi kwezizwe ezimbili ezinkulu, kuya endimeni yayo njengophawu olukhanyisa indlela yalabo abafuna impilo engcono, lesi sithombe sihlala siyisibani ezinhliziyweni zabaningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noshintsho, i-Statue of Liberty iyaqhubeka nokuphefumulela umhlaba ngomyalezo wayo wenkululeko nesibindi, okwenza kube ngesinye sezikhumbuzo ezihlonishwa kakhulu neziqashelwa kakhulu emhlabeni.
