## Nhoroondo yeKubudirira kweIslam muIndonesia
Islam ndiyo chitendero chikuru muIndonesia, nyika ine vanhu vakawanda vechiMuslim pasi rose. Nhoroondo yebudiriro yeIslam muIndonesia rwendo rurefu rwakazara nekuchinjana kwetsika nekudyidzana kwetsika. Kunyangwe Islam iri kutonga parizvino, kusvika kwayo nekupararira kwayo muzvitsuwa zvese kwaisava chiitiko chakangoerekana chaitika, asi chiitiko chirefu, chinotangira muzana remakore rechi7 kusvika rechi20. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura nhoroondo yebudiriro yeIslam muIndonesia kubva pakutanga kwayo kusvika panguva yerusununguko.
### Kutanga Kwekusvika kweIslam
Ruzivo muzvitsuwa zveIndonesia rwakanga rwuripo kare kare Islam isati yasvika. Hinduism neBuddhism zvaive zvakatonga panguva yekutonga kwemadzimambo makuru akadai seSrivijaya neMajapahit. Islam yakatanga kusvika kuburikidza nenzira dzekutengeserana dzaishandiswa nevatengesi vechiMuslim vanobva kuArabia, Persia, India, neChina. Hukama hwakatangwa hwekutengeserana pakati pezvitsuwa nenyika dzakakomberedza Gungwa reArabia nePersian Gulf hwakaita kuti pave nekuchinjana tsika nechitendero.
Ongororo yezvakaitika kare inoratidza kuti vatengesi vanobva kuMiddle East vakatanga kushanyira mahombekombe eSumatra, Java, nezvimwe zvitsuwa muzvitsuwa zveIndonesia kubvira muzana remakore rechi7. Humbowo hwenzvimbo dzechiMuslim hunobudawo muzvinyorwa zveChina, zvinotaura nezvekuvapo kwemisha yechiArabhu kumahombekombe ekumadokero eSumatra. Zvisinei, kushanduka kwevanhu vemunharaunda kuenda kuIslam kwakaitika zvishoma nezvishoma uye kwaiperekedzwa netsika dzemunharaunda.
### Mazana emakore e13 kusvika ku16: Kupararira uye Simba reHumambo hweIslam
Chinhu chakakosha munhoroondo yeIslam muzvitsuwa zveIndonesia kwaive kugadzwa kweSamudera Pasai Sultanate muAceh muzana remakore rechi13. Hutongi uhwu hunoonekwa sehumambo hwekutanga hweIslam muzvitsuwa izvi. Samudera Pasai yakava nzvimbo yakakosha yekutengeserana uye kupararira kweIslam, zvese nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo yakakosha uye rutsigiro rwevatengesi nenyanzvi kubva kumativi ese enyika dzeIslam.
Muzana remakore rechi16, kupararira kweIslam kwakawedzera nekubuda kwehumwe humambo hwechiIslam, hwakadai seMalacca Sultanate paMalay Peninsula neDemak Sultanate paJava. MaMalacca Sultanate akaita basa guru mukupararira kweIslam kunzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba nekumadokero kwechitsuwa ichi, ukuwo Demak Sultanate yakaita basa guru mukuparadzira Islam muJava yese nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza.
VaWali Songo, vatsvene vapfumbamwe vakakurumbira vekuJava, vakaita basa guru mukuparadzira chiIslam nenzira yaienderana netsika dzemuno. Vakashandisa nzira ine musoro, kusanganisira hunyanzvi hwemuno, tsika, netsika, kuparadzira dzidziso dzechiIslam nenzira yaigamuchirwa nevanhu vekuJava.
### Zana remakore rechi17 kusvika rechi19: Kutonga kwevaKoroni neIslam
Kusvika kwevaEurope muzvitsuwa izvi, kusanganisira maPutukezi, maSpanish, maDutch, nemaBritish, kwakabatsira zvikuru pakukura kweIslam. MaPutukezi akatanga kusvika pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi16 uye akakunda Malacca muna 1511. Zvisinei, kuramba kwavo kwakabatana zvikuru nekutsigira uye mweya wejihadist mukati meumambo hwechiIslam hwemuno.
Muzana remakore rechi17, maDutch akasvika ndokutanga VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie), iyo yakazotonga kutengeserana nezvematongerwo enyika muzvitsuwa izvi. Kutonga kweVOC, pamwe nehurumende yeDutch yekoloni kweanoda kusvika mazana matatu emakore, kwakakanganisa zvikuru mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika, echitendero, uye emagariro evanhu. Zvisinei, ndipo zvakare panguva iyi apo hungwaru hwechiIslam hwakatanga kukura, nekubuda kwenyanzvi dzakakurumbira dzakadai saSheikh Yusuf Makassar naHamzah Fansuri.
MaDutch akaisa mitemo yakasiyana-siyana pamusoro peIslam. Kune rumwe rutivi, vakanga vasingade kutaura nezvezvitendero zvechiMuslim nekunamata kuti vadzivise kupikiswa kwaigona kuitika. Kune rumwe rutivi, havana kuzezawo kushandisa simba remauto kupwanya kupandukira kwaikonzerwa nemweya wejihad, senge kwakaitika muHondo yePadri (1821-1837) uye Hondo yeAceh (1873-1912).
### Zana remakore rechi20: Rudzi neIslam
Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, mafambiro ekuvandudza echiIslam akafuridzirwa nevagadziri veMiddle East vakaita saMuhammad Abduh naJamaluddin al-Afghani akatanga kubuda muIndonesia. Mafambiro aya aida kusunungura maMuslim kubva mutsika dzaionekwa sedzisina kuchena uye kudzokera kudzidziso dzakachena dzeQuran neHadith. Masangano echiIslam emazuva ano akadai saMuhammadiyah (akavambwa muna 1912) naNahdlatul Ulama (akavambwa muna 1926) akabuda nekuda kwemweya uyu wekuvandudza.
Panguva imwe cheteyo, hunhu hweIndonesia, hwakavakirwa pakutenda kwakabatanidza marudzi akasiyana-siyana, zvitendero, nemapoka, hwakatanga kukura kuti hurambe hutongi hweDutch. Vanhu vechiMuslim vakaita saHOS Tjokroaminoto naKH Ahmad Dahlan vakabatanidza kushingaira kwechitendero nekwenyika mukurwira rusununguko.
Pakupedzisira, kuziviswa kwerusununguko rweIndonesia musi wa17 Nyamavhuvhu 1945, kwakaratidza kuguma kwehondo iyi refu. Basa renyanzvi dzechiIslam nemasangano echiIslam mukutsigira kurwira rusununguko raive rakakosha. Mumazuva ekutanga erusununguko, gakava pamusoro penheyo dzenyika rakaramba richienderera mberi, zvichizoguma zvaita kuti chibvumirano chePancasila chive nheyo yenyika, iyo inokoshesa kusiyana-siyana uye kushivirirana.
### Kuvhara
Nhoroondo refu yekukura kweIslam muIndonesia inoratidza mafambiro uye kuoma kwekudyidzana kwetsika, zvematongerwo enyika, uye zvechitendero. Islam yakajairana netsika dzemuno uku ichiramba iine hunhu hwayo. Maitiro ayo ari pakati nepakati uye anoshivirira akaita kuti igamuchirike pamatanho ese enharaunda.
Nhasi uno, Islam ine basa rakakosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu muIndonesia, kusanganisira zvemweya, zvemagariro evanhu, zvematongerwo enyika, uye zvetsika. Kukoshesa nhoroondo yekufambira mberi kweIslam muIndonesia kwakakosha kwete chete kubva pamaonero edzidzo asiwo pakusimbisa hunhu hwenyika nekusiyana-siyana.
Mweya wekushivirirana wakaratidzwa nevakatanga kuparadzira Islam muzvitsuwa izvi pamwe nemipiro yenyanzvi dzakarwira rusununguko zvinofanirwa kuramba zvichikosheswa uye zvichishandiswa semuenzaniso mukutarisana nematambudziko enguva ino yanhasi.
