Kurwira kwaNelson Mandela Kurwisa Rusaruraganda
Nelson Mandela inyanzvi yepasi rose inozivikanwa nekurwisa kwake rusaruraganda, hurongwa hwekusarurana kwemarudzi muSouth Africa. Hupenyu hwake hwakazara nematambudziko, kuzvipira, uye kuzvipira kurudziro yevanhu nerururamisiro. Muchinyorwa chino, tichanyatsoongorora kurwisa kwaMandela rusaruraganda uye kuti kushanda nesimba kwake kwakachinja sei South Africa nenyika.
Mavambo eRusaruraganda
Rusaruraganda rwaive hurongwa hwemutemo muSouth Africa kubva muna 1948 kusvika kutanga kwema1990 hwaiparadzanisa vanhu zvichibva parudzi. Hurongwa uhwu hwakaisa varungu pamusoro pevanhu vatema, vekuAsia, uye vemadzinza akasiyana, zvichivapa kodzero dzakawanda. Vanhu vatema, avo vaive ruzhinji rwevanhu, vakasangana nekudzvinyirirwa, mhirizhonga, uye mhando dzakasiyana dzerusarura. Vakarambidzwa kupinda munzvimbo dzakafanana nedzevachena, vakabatwa zvisina kuenzana mudzidzo nehutano, uye vakamanikidzwa kugara munzvimbo dzakaparadzaniswa, kazhinji dzisingagarike.
Kutanga kweKurwa kwaMandela
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela akazvarwa musi wa18 Chikunguru 1918, kuMvezo, musha mudiki uri munharaunda yeEastern Cape kuSouth Africa. Achibva kumhuri yehumambo hwevaThembu, Mandela akasangana nenyaya dzeushingi neruramisiro kubva achiri mudiki. Paakapinda mudzidzo yepamusoro, akawana mukana wekudzidza mutemo paYunivhesiti yeFort Hare uye gare gare paYunivhesiti yeWitwatersrand.
Muna 1944, Mandela akabatana neAfrican National Congress (ANC), sangano rakazvipira kurwira kodzero dzevanhu vatema muSouth Africa. Akabatsirawo mukutanga ANC Youth League, iyo yakagadzirwa kuti itange sangano rine simba uye rakasimba rinoda kururamisirwa.
Mushandirapamwe wekurwisa rusaruraganda
Muna 1952, Mandela naOliver Tambo vakavhura kambani yekutanga yemagweta matema muSouth Africa. Vaipa mabasa emutemo akachipa kana emahara kuvanhu vatema vakakanganiswa nekusaruramisirwa. Gore rimwe chete iroro, Mandela akaitawo basa guru muDefiance Campaign, iyo yaisanganisira zviito zvekusateerera mitemo isina kururama yerusaruraganda.
Mukupindura kurwira kwake kodzero dzevanhu, hurumende yerusaruraganda yakatanga kutora Mandela zvakanyanya. Mukupera kwa1956, Mandela nevamwe varwiri verusununguko zana nemakumi mashanu nevashanu vakasungwa ndokutongwa nemhosva yekupandukira hurumende. Mushure mekutongwa kwenguva refu kwakagara makore akati wandei, Mandela nevamwe vake vakazosunungurwa muna 1961.
Towards Armed Struggle: MK (Umkhonto we Sizwe)
Kukundikana kwekuedza murunyararo kurwisa rusaruraganda kwakaita kuti Mandela aone kuti paidiwa imwe nzira yakasiyana. Muna 1961, Mandela neANC vakagadzira bato remauto rainzi Umkhonto weSizwe (MK), zvichireva kuti "Spear of the Nation." MK yakatangwa netariro yekurwisa hutongi hwerusaruraganda kuburikidza nekuparadza zvivakwa zvehurumende, pasina kuisa hupenyu hwevanhu panjodzi.
Zvisinei, mhirizhonga iyi yezvematongerwo enyika haina kugara kwenguva refu Mandela asati ava munhu anonyanya kusungwa nehurumende yerusaruraganda. Muna 1962, Mandela akasungwa ndokutongerwa kugara mujeri kwemakore mashanu achipomerwa mhosva yekukonzera kuratidzira uye kubuda munyika asina mvumo.
Kutongwa kweRivonia uye Kutongerwa Kweupenyu Hwese
Muna 1963, paakanga achipika mutongo wake mujeri, Mandela nevamwe vatungamiriri veMK vakatongwa mukutongwa kwakazozivikanwa seRivonia Trial. Vakapomerwa mhosva yekuparadza, kuronga kupidigura hurumende, nezvimwe zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvekupandukira hurumende. Mukuonekwa kwake kekupedzisira kudare, Mandela akapa hurukuro ine simba, inorangarirwa nevakawanda seimwe yehurukuro dzinokurudzira zvikuru pamusoro peruramisiro nerusununguko.
"Ndakarwira chinangwa ichi hupenyu hwangu hwese. Ndinoda kuona chichizadzikiswa. Asi, Mambo, kana ndichifanira, ndakagadzirira kufira chinangwa ichi," akadaro Mandela.
Mandela nevamwe vapomerwi vanomwe vakatongerwa kugara mujeri kweupenyu hwese ndokuiswa mujeri paRobben Island, jeri riri kure uye rakaoma riri pedyo negungwa reCape Town.
Makore Ari Mujeri
Mumakore ake makumi maviri nemanomwe ari mujeri, Mandela haana kumborega kurwa. Kunyangwe aive ari ega uye akarambidzwa kusangana nevamwe vanhu, simba rake rakaramba richikura. Mandela akanyora tsamba dzakawanda uye akanyorerana tsamba nevamwe vanhu vanorwira kodzero dzevanhu. Akaitawo hurukuro dzakawanda nehurumende, asi haana kumbotsauka kubva pamitemo yake yekururamisira. Kusungwa hakuna kumuderedza simba; panzvimbo pezvo, akava chiratidzo chepasi rose chekuramba rusaruraganda.
Rusununguko uye Kuguma kweRusaruraganda
Mukupera kwema1980, kumanikidzwa kwehurumende yerusaruraganda munyika nekunze kwenyika kwakawedzera. Kuwedzera pakuramba hupfumi netsika kubva munharaunda dzepasi rose, kumanikidzwa kwemukati mevanhu vekuSouth Africa kwakawedzerawo. Muna 1990, sechikamu chekuchinja, Mutungamiriri weSouth Africa panguva iyoyo F.W. de Klerk akarayira kuti Mandela asunungurwe pasina miganhu.
Mushure mekusunungurwa kwake, Mandela haana kuratidza kuda kutsiva. Asi, akasarudza nzira yekuyananisa nekutaurirana kuti abatanidze nyika yakakamurwa. Muna 1993, Mandela na de Klerk vakagovana Nobel Peace Prize nekuda kwekuedza kwavo kugumisa rusaruraganda murunyararo.
Nguva yeMutungamiriri weNyika uye Nhaka
Muna 1994, Nelson Mandela akasarudzwa kuva Mutungamiri weSouth Africa musarudzo dzekutanga dzakasununguka munyika iyi. Nguva yake yekutonga haina kungogumira chete murusaruraganda asiwo kutanga kwezvirongwa zvakawanda zvakanangana nekugadzirisa kusarongeka kwehupfumi nemagariro evanhu kwakasiiwa nerusaruraganda. Mandela akakurudzira kuyananisa nyika, kururamisira munharaunda, nebudiriro.
Mushure menguva imwe chete, Mandela akasarudza kusada kusarudzwazve uye akapa hutungamiriri kuchizvarwa chitsva. Akaramba achishanda mumabasa akasiyana-siyana ekubatsira vanhu kusvika afa musi wa5 Zvita 2013.
Mhedziso
Kurwa kwaNelson Mandela nerusaruraganda kwakaratidza kushinga, ushingi, uye huchenjeri hwemutungamiriri akarwira kwete vanhu vake chete asi vanhu vese. Kubva paudiki hwake kusvika pakukwegura kwake, Mandela akapa muenzaniso unoshamisa wekuti munhu mumwe chete anogona sei kuita mutsauko mukuru, pasinei nematambudziko makuru. Nhaka yake haingori muSouth Africa chete, asiwo mumoyo nepfungwa dzeavo vanoshuvira nyika yakarongeka uye yakaenzana.
