Cytosol: Te Wāhanga Kāore e Kitea o ngā Pūtau
Ina ako tātou i te koiora pūtau, ka aro nui tātou ki ngā wāhanga e kitea ana, e mārama ana te tautuhi, pērā i te karihi, te mitochondria, me te reticulum endoplasmic. Heoi, kei roto i te pūtau he whenua whānui ake, ā, e warewarehia ana: ko te cytosol. He wai uaua te cytosol i roto i te pūtau, te wāhi e puta ai ngā tukanga pākia nui, e rere ai ngā wāhanga pūtau. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e tātou ngā āhuatanga o te cytosol, tōna tūranga i roto i te pūtau, me te take he mea nui ki te oranga pūtau.
He aha te Cytosol?
I mua i te ruku hohonu atu ki te kōrero, he mea nui kia wehewehea te cytosol me te cytoplasm. Ko te cytosol te wāhanga wai o te cytoplasm, kāore i te whakaurua ngā whekau me ngā hanganga ā-roto pērā i te cytoskeleton. I taua wā, ko te cytoplasm ngā mea katoa o roto o te pūtau i roto i te kiriuhi plasma, engari ko te nucleus. Arā, ki te whakaritea te cytoplasm ki tētahi tāone, ko te cytosol ngā tiriti me ngā wāhi tūmatanui e hono ana i ngā whare.
He wai te nuinga o te cytosol, engari ahakoa tōna ingoa, "wai pūtau," ehara i te wai parakore. Kei roto ngā tote rewa, ngā ngota waro, ngā katote, me ngā pūmua. He rite tōna āhua ki te tiēre nā te mea kei roto ngā macromolecules me ngā pūmua rewa, ā, he mea tino pai mō ngā tauhohenga matū koiora.
Te Hanganga o te Cytosol
He ranunga matatini te cytosol o ngā momo ngota. Tata ki te 70-80% o te cytosol he wai, he mea nui ki te pupuri i te āhua o te pūtau me te tuku i ngā ngota kia neke me te whakahaere i ngā tauhohenga matū koiora. Haunga te wai, kei roto i te cytosol:
1. Ngā Pūmua me ngā Whākōkī: He wāhanga nui ngā pūmua o te cytosol, tae atu ki ngā whākōkī e whakakorikori ana i ngā tauhohenga pākia. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā whākōkī e kitea ana i roto i te cytosol ko ngā whākōkī e ono o te ara glycolysis, e āwhina ana ki te wawahi i te hukahuka hei whakaputa pūngao.
2. Ngā Iona me ngā Tote: Ka rewa ngā iona pēnei i te pāhare pāporo, te konutai, te konupūmā, me te konupūmā i roto i te cytosol, ā, ka whai wāhi rātou ki te whakahaere i te mahi a te pūtau mā te whakahaere i te pūmanawa membrane me ngā tohu pūtau.
3. Ngā Ngota Waro: Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā warowaihā māmā, ngā waikawa amino, ngā nucleotide, me ngā lipid. He mea nui ēnei ngota waro mō te hanganga macromolecular.
4. Ngā Miro Angaanga: Ahakoa ehara i te wāhanga o te wai angaanga, ka whakaratohia e ngā miro angaanga he tautoko hanganga me ngā ara mō te kawe i ngā ngota me ngā whekau i roto i te pūtau.
Ngā Mahi a te Cytosol
Ahakoa te warewarehia pinepine, he maha ngā mahi nui a te cytosol:
1. Te Wāhi e Puta ai te Pūngao: He maha ngā ara pūngao pūtau, tae atu ki te glycolysis, e puta ana i roto i te cytosol. Kei roto i te cytosol ngā whākōkī me ngā matū o ēnei ara, ā, ko te hua o te glycolysis ko te waikawa pyruvic, ka taea te whakamahi anō i roto i te mitochondria mō te whakaputa pūngao anō.
2. Te Kawe i roto i te Pūtau: Ko te cytosol te reo e taea ai e ngā ngota me ngā whekau te neke i roto i te pūtau. Ko ngā microtubules me ngā microfilaments o te cytoskeleton e whakarato ana i ngā ara mō te kawe i ngā vesicles me ngā whekau i roto i te cytosol mā roto i ngā tikanga o ngā pūmua nekeneke pērā i te kinesin me te dynein.
3. Te Whakahaere i te Osmosis me te Rōrahi Pūtau: Ka pā te kukū o ngā katote i roto i te cytosol ki te pēhanga osmotic, ka pā anō hoki ki te whakahaere i te rōrahi pūtau. He mea nui tēnei whakahaere mō te pupuri i te hauora o te pūtau me te ārai i te pakaru, te whakaheke rānei o te pūtau nā ngā huringa o te pēhanga osmotic.
4. Te Whakawhiti Tohu: He maha ngā ara whakawhiti tohu e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā pūmua me ngā katote kua rewa i roto i te cytosol. Ka puta mai ēnei tohu i waho o te pūtau, ā, ka whakaoho i ngā urupare pēnei i te tipu, te apoptosis, ngā huringa pākia rānei.
Te Urutaunga o te Cytosol i roto i ngā Pūtau Rerekē
Pērā i te maha atu o ngā wāhanga pūtau, ka rerekē te hanganga me te mahi a te cytosol i runga i te momo pūtau me te taiao. Hei tauira, me nui ake te kukū o ngā katote konupūmā i roto i te cytosol e hiahiatia ana e ngā pūtau uaua hei whakahaere i te whakahekenga o te uaua. I taua wā, tera pea kei ngā pūtau tipu me ngā pūtau kitakita ngā wāhanga cytosol kua taunga ki te penapena me te huri i te pūngao i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiao tino kino.
Cytosol hei Whāinga Rangahau
Nā te mea he nui ngā mahi matū koiora e puta ana i roto i te cytosol, ehara i te mea miharo kua arotahi ngā rangahau nui ki te ine i ngā tawhā cytosolic pēnei i te pH, te kukū katote, me te matotoru. Tērā pea ko ēnei huringa te pūtake o ngā mate maha me ngā āhuatanga pathological. Hei tauira, ko te ngoikore o te whakahaere katote i puta mai i te kino o ngā pūmua membrane ka hua ake he mate pēnei i te cystic fibrosis.
I roto i te mahi rongoā, kei te rangahauhia hoki te cytosol hei ūnga mō te whanaketanga rongoā. Ka taea e ngā pūmua i roto i te cytosol te mahi hei ūnga ngota mō ngā matū whakaora, pērā i ngā whākōkī motuhake e uru ana ki ngā ara pākia o ngā pūtau matepukupuku ka taea te aukati mō te whakaora matepukupuku.
Whakamutunga
Ahakoa kāore i te rite te maha o ngā hanganga whakamiharo o te cytosol ki ērā atu okana, he mahi nui tāna ki te pupuri i te mahi me te hauora o te pūtau. Mā te whakahaere i ngā tukanga pākia, te whakahaere i te hanganga matū o roto, me te whakahohe i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā wāhanga pūtau, he mea nui te cytosol ki te oranga o te pūtau.
Kei te whanake tonu te rangahau i te cytosol, ā, nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau karuārai me te tātari matū koiora, kei te mārama haere tātou ki te uaua o te ao iti e whakakī ana i ngā āputa i roto i ngā pūtau. Ko te heke mai o tēnei rangahau e oati ana i te māramatanga hohonu ake mō te pānga o ngā huringa o te cytosol ki te hauora, e āwhina ana i a tātou ki te kimi i ngā otinga hou ki ngā momo wero koiora. I roto i te ao e piki haere ana te maioha ki ngā taipitopito koiora iti rawa, ko te cytosol tētahi o ngā tino "kore e kitea" engari he mea nui i roto i te koiora pūtau.
