Te Pūtauora: He Wāhanga Matua i roto i ngā Pūtau
I roto i te ako i te koiora pūtau, he mea tino nui te mārama ki te hanganga me te mahi a te pūtau. Ko tētahi o ngā wāhanga nui o ia pūtau ko te cytoplasm. Ko te cytoplasm te matū kei roto i te kiriuhi pūtau, engari ko te karihi i roto i ngā pūtau eukaryotic. Ko te whāinga o tēnei tuhinga he tūhura i te cytoplasm, me te whakamārama i ōna mahi me tōna tūranga i roto i te mahi a te pūtau.
Te Whakamāramatanga o te Cytoplasm
Ka taea te tautuhi i te cytoplasm hei wāhanga o te pūtau e herea ana e te kiriuhi plasma me te karapoti i te karihi. Kei roto i te cytoplasm ētahi wāhanga nui, pērā i ngā whekau, te cytosol, me ngā whakaurunga pūtau. Ko te cytosol he wai haurua-wai e mahi ana hei reo mō ngā tauhohenga matū me te kawe i ngā ngota i roto i te pūtau. Kei roto hoki ngā pūmua e āwhina ana i te pākia o te pūtau.
Ngā Wāhanga Cytoplasmic
1. Cytosol: Koinei te wāhanga wai o te cytoplasm, he mea tito mai i te wai, ngā tote, me ngā ngota waro pērā i ngā pūmua. Ko te cytosol te reo e noho ana ngā whekau pūtau me te wāhi e puta ai ngā tauhohenga pākia.
2. Ngā whekau: Kei roto hoki i te cytoplasm ngā whekau nui, he mahi motuhake tā ia whekau. Ko ētahi o ēnei:
– Mitochondria: E mōhiotia ana ko ngā "pūnaha hiko" o te pūtau, ko ngā mitochondria te kawenga mō te whakaputa ATP mā te manawa pūtau.
– Ngā Ribosome: He mahi tā rātou i roto i te hanganga pūmua, ka kitea noa ngā ribosome i roto i te cytoplasm, ka piri rānei ki te reticulum endoplasmic.
– Reticulum Endoplasmic (ER): E rua ngā momo, ko te ER taratara me te ER maeneene. E whai wāhi ana te ER taratara ki te hanga pūmua, ko te ER maeneene ia e pā ana ki te hanga lipid me te tango paitini.
– Taputapu Golgi: Ngā mahi i roto i te whakarerekētanga, te tākai, me te tohatoha o ngā pūmua me ngā ngako i hangaia e te ER.
– Ngā Lysosome: Kei roto ngā whākōkī e nakunaku ana i ngā rauemi pūtau kāore e hiahiatia ana, kua pakaru rānei.
– Ngā Peroxisome: Ka whai wāhi ki ētahi tukanga waikura me te tango paitini.
3. Angaanga: He pūnaha muka pūmua e whakarato ana i te āhua me te tautoko hanganga ki te pūtau, ā, e āwhina ana hoki i te nekehanga ā-roto me te kawe i te pūtau.
4. Ngā Whakaurunga Pūtau: He maha ngā momo kirikiri me ngā matūriki, pērā i te glycogen, i ngā pata ngako rānei, e rongoatia ana i roto i te cytoplasm, ā, e whakamahia ana i runga anō i ngā hiahia pākia o te pūtau.
Ngā Mahi a te Cytoplasm
He mahi nui tā te cytoplasm i roto i ngā pūtau, ā, ko ēnei mahi āna:
1. Te wāhi e puta ai ngā tauhohenga pākia: He maha ngā whākōkī i roto i te cytosol e āwhina ana i ngā tauhohenga matū koiora pērā i te glycolysis, he mea nui ki te whakarato pūngao mō ngā pūtau.
2. Te Rokiroki Ngota: Ka rongoatia e te cytoplasm ngā momo ngota e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi pūtau, tae atu ki ngā katote, ngā pūmua, me ngā matūkai.
3. Te Kawe ā-Roto i te Pūtau: Mā te cytoplasm e whakarato te ara mō te nekehanga o ngā rauemi i roto i te pūtau mā te horapa me te kawe vesicular.
4. Te Whakahaere i te pH o te Pūtau: Ka āwhina te cytoplasm ki te pupuri i te taurite waikawa-pūtau i roto i te pūtau mā te whakahaere i ngā tauhohenga e uru ana ngā katote hauwai.
5. Te Urupare ki te Taiao: Mā te cytoplasm ka taea e ngā pūtau te urupare ki ngā huringa taiao mā te whakahaere i te mahi whākōkī me te kawe irahiko.
Te Tūranga o te Cytoplasm i roto i ngā Pūtau Eukaryotic me ngā Pūtau Prokaryotic
He mahi nui tā te cytoplasm i roto i ngā pūtau eukaryotic me ngā pūtau prokaryotic, ahakoa he rerekē ētahi o ēnei mahi i waenga i ngā momo pūtau e rua.
– Ngā Pūtau Eukaryotic: I roto i ngā pūtau eukaryotic, kei roto i te cytoplasm te cytosol, ngā organelles, me te cytoskeleton e whai wāhi ana ki te tautoko me te whakahaere i ngā mahi pēnei i te hanga pūmua, te whakaputa pūngao, me te nekehanga pūtau.
– Ngā Pūtau Prokaryotic: Kāore he karihi, he whekau rānei e herea ana ki te kiriuhi i roto i ngā pūtau prokaryotic, pērā i te huakita, nō reira he mahi tika ake tā te cytoplasm i roto i ngā mahi pūtau katoa. Ko ngā tukanga pērā i te tāruarua DNA, te tuhi, me te whakamāori ka puta i roto i te cytoplasm.
Te Pānga o ngā Āhuatanga Hē i roto i te Cytoplasm
Ka taea e ngā rerekētanga o te hanganga, te mahi rānei o te cytoplasm te arahi ki ngā momo mate. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā rerekētanga o te tohatoha o ngā katote me ngā ngota waro i roto i te cytoplasm te pā ki te whakahaere osmo me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pūtau, ka arahi pea ki ngā āhuatanga mate pēnei i te mate pukupuku, te mate huka, me ngā mate neurodegenerative.
Rangahau me te Auahatanga e pā ana ki te Cytoplasm
I roto i ngā rangahau hangarau koiora, ko te cytoplasm te kaupapa matua mō te whakawhanake i ngā tikanga whakahaere ira me ngā maimoatanga pūtau. Hei tauira, ko te tuku i ngā ira, i ngā ngota rongoā rānei mā te werohanga cytoplasmic he wāhanga whai hua mō te maimoatanga o ngā mate ira me te mate pukupuku.
Whakamutunga
He wāhanga matua te cytoplasm o ngā pūtau, e mahi ana i ngā mahi uaua me ngā mahi maha-āhua, mai i te whakahaere i ngā tauhohenga matū koiora ki te tautoko i te nekehanga me te tiaki a te pūtau. Ehara i te mea he mea nui te māramatanga hohonu ki te cytoplasm mō te koiora pūtau anake, engari he pānga whānui hoki ki te rangahau hauora me te hangarau koiora. E tūmanakohia ana ka whakaratohia e ngā whanaketanga ā muri ake nei i roto i ngā rangahau cytoplasmic he māramatanga hou mō te whakapai ake i te hauora me ngā hangarau whakaora pūtau.
