Ngā Pūtake o te Moni Whiwhi a te Kāwanatanga
He wāhanga nui te moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga i roto i te whakahaere pūtea o te whenua. Koia te kawenga mō te putea i ngā whakapaunga a te kāwanatanga, ahakoa mō te whakawhanaketanga o ngā hanganga, te mātauranga, te hauora, te tiaki whenua rānei. Nō reira, he mea nui te mārama ki ngā pūtake o ngā moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga kia mārama ai te whakahaere i ngā pūtea a te kāwanatanga. Ka tirohia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi pūtake matua o ngā moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga.
1. Taake
He puna moni nui ngā taake mō ngā whenua maha, tae atu ki Initonīhia. Ka kohia ngā taake hei takoha ā-ture e utua ana e ngā tāngata takitahi me ngā pakihi ki te kāwanatanga. Ka wehea ngā taake ki ētahi wāhanga i runga i te kaupapa me te whāinga:
– Taake Moni Whiwhi (PPh): Ka tangohia tēnei taake i runga i ngā moni whiwhi kua riro mai, kua whiwhi rānei ngā tāngata takitahi, ngā hinonga pakihi rānei. I Initonīhia, kua wehea anō te PPh ki ētahi momo, pērā i te PPh Tuhinga 21 mō ngā kaimahi, te PPh Tuhinga 22 mō te hokohoko, me te PPh Tuhinga 23 mō ngā roia me ngā wehewehenga.
– Taake Uara Tāpiri (VAT): Ka tangohia te VAT ki ngā taonga me ngā ratonga e hokona ana. He taake ā-kore tēnei, ā, ka tukuna ki te kaihoko whakamutunga. Ko te VAT tētahi o ngā puna taake nui rawa atu nā te mea tata ki ngā taonga me ngā ratonga katoa e pāngia ana e tēnei taake.
– Taake Whenua me te Hanga Whare (PBB): Ka tangohia tēnei taake i runga i te mana whenua me te whare. Ko te moni e utua ana ka tatauhia i runga i te utu hoko taake (NJOP).
– Taake Kaweake-Kawemai: E whakatakotoria ana ki ngā taonga e kaweakehia ana, e kawemaihia ana rānei, ko te whāinga o tēnei taake he whakahaere i te rere o ngā taonga me te tiaki i ngā ahumahi o roto mai i te whakataetae kore tika.
2. Te Moni Whiwhi a te Kāwanatanga Kore-Taake (PNBP)
Haunga ngā taake, ka whiwhi moni anō te kāwanatanga mai i te Putea ā-Motu Kore-Taake (PNBP). Koinei ngā moni whiwhi i ahu mai i ētahi atu puna, pēnei i:
– Ngā Huarahi Whakaputa a ngā Hinonga Kāwanatanga: Me utu e ngā kamupene kāwanatanga ngā hua whakaputanga mō ā rātou hua. He nui ngā hua whakaputanga a ngā SOE pēnei i a PT Pertamina, PT PLN, me PT Telkom Indonesia ki ngā moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga.
– Ngā Moni Whiwhi Rauemi Taiao: Kei roto ko ngā moni whiwhi mai i ngā whakaaetanga ngahere, ngā utu keri, me ngā utu mō ngā mahi hī ika. Ko ngā whenua he nui ngā rauemi taiao , pērā i a Initonīhia, ka whiwhi moni whiwhi nui mai i tēnei rāngai.
– Ngā Whiu me ngā Whiu: Ka whiwhi moni hoki te kāwanatanga mai i ngā whiu me ngā whiu i whakatakotoria mō ētahi takahi ture, pērā i te takahi i ngā ture waka me ngā whiu taiao.
– Te Whakahaere Rawa a te Kāwanatanga: Kei roto ko te rīhi i ngā whare, i ngā whenua rānei a te kāwanatanga, tae atu ki ngā hua whakahaere mai i ngā haumitanga a te kāwanatanga pērā i ngā haumitanga ki ngā here, ki ngā sukuk rānei.
3. Nama
Ina kore e ranea ngā moni whiwhi tāke me ngā moni whiwhi kāwanatanga ehara i te tāke hei utu i ngā whakapaunga a te kāwanatanga, me nama moni te kāwanatanga i ētahi wā. Ka puta mai pea tēnei nama i roto i te whenua, i tāwāhi rānei:
– Nama ā-Rohe: Ka taea e te kāwanatanga te tuku here, ngā pūtea kāwanatanga rānei i runga i te mākete pūtea ā-rohe. E akiakihia ana te iwi whānui me ngā umanga ā-rohe ki te whai wāhi atu ki tēnei pūtea.
– Nama o Waho: Ka taea tēnei nama te ahu mai i ētahi atu whenua, i ngā whakahaere o te ao pēnei i te Peeke o te Ao me te IMF. Ahakoa ka taea e ia te whakapiki i te moni whiwhi, me whakahaere marie tēnei nama kia kore ai e piki ake ngā taumahatanga utu ā muri ake nei.
4. Ngā Tahua
Ko te tahua āwhina he momo āwhina pūtea e tukuna ana e tētahi atu whenua, e tētahi atu whakahaere o te ao rānei, kāore e hiahiatia kia whakahokia mai. He maha ngā wā ka whakawhiwhia ngā tahua āwhina mō ngā kaupapa motuhake e kiia ana he mea nui ki te whanaketanga o tētahi whenua. Ahakoa kāore i te rite te nui ki ētahi atu puna moni whiwhi, ka taea e ngā tahua āwhina te whai wāhi nui ki te putea i ngā kaupapa motuhake.
5. Ētahi atu
– Ngā moni whiwhi mai i ngā Rōta me te Petipeti kua Whakahaeretia: Ko ētahi whenua, ahakoa ehara i te katoa, e whakamana ana, e takoha ana hoki i ngā rōta me te petipeti. He maha ngā wā ka whakahokia ngā moni whiwhi mai i tēnei rāngai ki ngā kaupapa pāpori.
– Ngā Hua Rahui me ngā Hua Pūtea: Haunga te haumi tika, ka taea hoki e te kāwanatanga te whiwhi hua mai i ngā panonitanga o te uara o ngā rawa rāhui pēnei i te koura, i te moni tāwāhi rānei.
Ngā Wero i roto i te Moni Whiwhi a te Kāwanatanga
Ehara i te mahi ngāwari te whakapai ake i te moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga. He maha ngā wero e pā ana ki te kāwanatanga i roto i te whakahaere me te whakapiki i te moni whiwhi:
– Te karo i te taake: Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui ko te karo i te taake, ahakoa mā roto i ngā mahi ture pēnei i te whakamahere taake, mā roto rānei i ngā mahi ture kore pēnei i te karo taake. He mea nui te whakanui ake i te tirotiro me te whakatinanatanga o te hangarau mōhiohio hei ārai i tēnei.
– Te Hurihuri o ngā Utu o ngā Taonga: Me rite ngā whenua e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whiwhinga moni mai i ngā rauemi taiao ki te tū atu ki te huringa o ngā utu o ngā taonga ka pā ki te whiwhinga moni.
– Ngā Āhuatanga Ōhanga o te Ao: Ka pāngia ngā moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga e ngā raruraru ōhanga o te ao, ngā piki me ngā heke o ngā reiti whakawhiti moni, inā koa mō ngā whenua e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hokohoko o te ao.
– Te Whai Hua me te Whai Hua o ngā Hinonga Kāwanatanga: Ka taea te piki ake o ngā hua wehewehe mai i ngā Hinonga Kāwanatanga mēnā he tino pai te whai hua me te whai hua o ēnei kamupene.
Whakamutunga
He pūtake pakari ngā momo puna moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga mō te whakahaere pūtea pai a te kāwanatanga. Ko ngā taake te wāhanga nui rawa atu, engari he mahi nui anō hoki ngā moni whiwhi kāwanatanga kore-taake (PNBP), te nama, ngā pūtea tautoko, me ētahi atu puna. Hei whakanui ake i te moni whiwhi, me kaha te kāwanatanga ki te aro atu ki ngā wero o nāianei, pērā i te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o ngā umanga kāwanatanga (SOE), te aukati i te karo taake, me te urutau ki ngā huringa ōhanga o te ao. Mā te whakahaere whai hua, ka taea te whakamahi pai ake i ngā moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga hei whakatairanga i te whanaketanga me te oranga o te marea.
