Kiriuhi Plasma: Te Kūaha o te Ora Pūtau
Ko te kiriuhi toto, e mōhiotia ana ko te kiriuhi pūtau, he wāhanga nui e karapoti ana i ngā momo pūtau katoa, ā, he ārai hoki i waenganui i te taiao o roto o te pūtau me tōna taiao o waho. He mahi nui tā tēnei hanganga ki te pupuri i te noho tahi o ngā pūtau, te whakahaere i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pūtau, me te whakahaere i te whakawhitiwhitinga o ngā matū nui. Ko te kiriuhi toto tētahi o ngā kitenga matua i roto i te koiora pūtau kua āwhina i ngā kaipūtaiao ki te mārama ki ngā tikanga taketake o te ora.
1. Hanganga o te kiriuhi toto
E rua ngā paparanga o te kiriuhi toto e hanga ana i tētahi paparanga lipid rua. I roto i tēnei whakaritenga, ka anga whakawaho ngā "upoko" phosphate hydrophilic (e aroha ana ki te wai) ki te taiao o waho, ki te cytoplasm rānei o te pūtau. I tētahi atu taha, ka anga whakawaho ngā "hiku" waikawa ngako hydrophobic (e wehi ana ki te wai), ka taunekeneke tetahi ki tetahi i waenganui o te kiriuhi. Ka hangaia e tēnei hanganga he ārai whai hua ki te nuinga o ngā ngota ngota wairewa-wai.
Haunga ngā phospholipids, kei roto i te kiriuhi toto ngā pūmua me ngā warowaihā kua whakaurua ki roto, ki runga hoki i tōna mata. He maha ngā mahi a ngā pūmua kiriuhi, tae atu ki te mahi hei hongere me hei kawe i ngā matū e whakahaere ana i te whakawhitiwhiti rauemi, me te mahi hei kaiwhakawhiwhi e tuku ana i ngā tohu mai i te taiao o waho ki roto i te pūtau. He maha ngā wā ka herea ngā warowaihā ki ngā pūmua, ki ngā lipids rānei, ka hanga he paparanga huka (glycocalyx), e whai wāhi ana ki te mōhiotanga pūtau me ngā taunekeneke pūtau-pūtau.
2. Te Mahi a te Kiriuhi Plasma
Ko te kiriuhi toto he kaitiaki tatau e whakahaere ana i ngā mea e tomo ana, e puta ana hoki i te pūtau, ā, he maha ngā mahi matua e whai ake nei:
– Whakawhiti Matū: Ka whakahaere te kiriuhi toto i te urunga me te putanga o ngā katote, ngā matūkai, me ngā para mā roto i ngā tikanga kawe kore mahi me ngā tikanga kawe hohe. Ko te horapa me te osmosis he tauira o te kawe kore mahi, ka neke ngā matū ki raro i te pikinga kukū me te kore e hiahiatia he pūngao. He rerekē, me whai pūngao te kawe hohe hei neke i ngā matū ki te pikinga kukū.
– Te Tohu Pūtau: Kei roto i te kiriuhi pūtau he maha ngā pūmua kaiwhakawhiwhi e kitea ai ngā tohu matū mai i waho o te pūtau. Ina herea ngā ngota tohu, pērā i ngā homoni, ki ēnei kaiwhakawhiwhi, ka whakaohohia he raupapa o ngā tauhohenga i roto i te pūtau e ārahi ana i tētahi urupare motuhake.
– Te Tiakitanga me te Pūmautanga: Mā te whakarato i tētahi ārai ā-tinana, ka tiakina e te kiriuhi toto ngā wāhanga o roto o te pūtau mai i ngā awe kino pea o waho. Ka āwhina hoki ki te pupuri i te āhua o te pūtau, ā, ka tautoko i te hanganga mā te piri ki te angaanga pūtau.
– Ngā Taunekeneke i waenganui i ngā Pūtau: Ko te kiriuhi toto te mea nui ki te mōhio ki te pūtau me te piri o te pūtau. Ko ētahi ngota i runga i te mata o te pūtau ka āwhina i te herenga ki ētahi atu pūtau, ki te matrix waho rānei, he mea nui tēnei ki te hanganga o ngā kiko me ngā okana.
3. Ngā Āhuatanga o te Kiriuhi Plasma
Mā te rere o te kiriuhi toto ka taea te whakahaere i ngā mahi nui o te pūtau. Ko te tauira mosaic wai i whakatakotoria e Singer rāua ko Nicolson i te tau 1972 e whakaahua ana i te kiriuhi toto hei hanganga ngāwari me ngā ngota pūmua kua whakauruhia ka taea te neke taha i roto i te paparanga lipid. Ka pāngia tēnei rere e ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki te hanganga lipid, te pāmahana, me te aroaro o te cholesterol.
E rua ngā mahi a te cholesterol i roto i te rere o te kiriuhi. I ngā pāmahana iti, ka ārai te cholesterol i ngā phospholipid kia kaua e piri rawa, kia mau tonu ai te rere. I tetahi atu taha, i ngā pāmahana teitei, ka āwhina i te pupuri i te hanganga pakari mā te tāpiri i te pakari. He mea nui te kaha o te kiriuhi ki te whakarerekē i tōna rere hei whakauru i ngā āhuatanga taiao rerekē ka pā ki te pūtau.
4. Te kiriuhi toto i roto i ngā momo rauropi
Kei roto i ngā pūtau maha o ngā rauropi, mai i te huakita ki te tangata, ngā kiriuhi parāoa, me ngā rerekētanga o te hanganga me te mahi e ai ki ngā hiahia motuhake o te pūtau, o te rauropi rānei:
– Huakita: I roto i ngā huakita, ko te kiriuhi parāoa anake te ārai e wehe ana i ngā ihirangi o te pūtau mai i te taiao o waho. He hanganga anō hoki ā ētahi huakita, pērā i te pakitara pūtau, i waho o te kiriuhi parāoa hei tiaki atu.
– Ngā Pūtau Tipu: Haunga te kiriuhi parāoa, kei te karapotia ngā pūtau tipu e te pakitara pūtau mārō, e whakarato ana i te āhua me te tiaki anō. Ko te kiriuhi parāoa te kaiwhakahaere o te kawe i ngā katote me ngā ngota waro e whai tikanga ana ki te whakaahua me te manawa pūtau.
– Ngā Pūtau Kararehe: I roto i ngā pūtau kararehe, he nui te wāhi o te kiriuhi toto ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā pūtau me te tuku tohu, he mea nui mō te mahi a ngā pūnaha uaua pēnei i te pūnaha io me te pūnaha ārai mate.
5. Auahatanga me te Whakamahinga i roto i te Rangahau Membrane Plasma
Kei te haere tonu te rangahau nui mō te kiriuhi toto, me ngā tikanga matatau kua whakawhanakehia hei ako i tōna hanganga. Hei tauira, mā te karuārai irahiko fluorescence ka taea e ngā kaipūtaiao te tirotiro i ngā āhuatanga o ngā pūmua i roto i te kiriuhi toto i te wā tonu. Ka whai wāhi hoki ngā rangahau kiriuhi toto ki te whanaketanga o te rongoā mā te arotahi ki ngā pūmua motuhake e uru ana ki te mate.
Ka whakamahia hoki e te hangarau nano ngā mātāpono o te kiriuhi toto hei hanga i ngā pūwero horihori ka taea te whakamahi hei pūnaha tuku rongoā. Mā te whai i ngā āhuatanga whiriwhiri o ngā kiriuhi pūtau, ka taea e ēnei pūwero te kawe tika i ngā rongoā ki ngā pūtau ūnga, ka whakanui ake i te whai huatanga me te whakaiti i ngā pānga taha.
Whakamutunga
Ehara i te mea he hanganga noa iho te kiriuhi toto e karapoti ana i te pūtau, engari he pokapū whakahaere anō hoki e kapi ana i te whānuitanga o ngā mahi nui mō te ora. Mai i te whakahaere i te taiao o roto me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā pūtau ki te urutau ki ngā wero taiao, he mahi nui tā te kiriuhi toto i roto i te oranga me te oranga o te pūtau. Ko tā tātou māramatanga e tipu haere ana ki te kiriuhi toto ehara i te mea ka whakatuwhera noa i ngā māramatanga hou ki ngā tukanga koiora taketake engari ka tuku hoki i ngā whai wāhitanga mō te auahatanga i roto i te rongoā me te hangarau koiora. Mā te whanaketanga o te hangarau me ngā tikanga rangahau, ka haere tonu te wetewete i ngā mea ngaro o te kiriuhi toto, ka whakatakoto i te ara mō ngā kitenga whakamiharo ake i te heke mai.
