Te Kawenga Āta: He Tikanga Matua i roto i ngā Pūtau
He tukanga nui te kawe kore mahi e puta ana i roto i ngā pūtau, e āhei ai ngā matū ki te neke puta noa i te kiriuhi pūtau me te kore e hiahiatia he pūngao mai i te pūtau tonu. He mahi nui tā tēnei tukanga ki te pupuri i te homeostasis pūtau me te whakarite i te mahi pai o te pūtau. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga te ariā, ngā tikanga, me te hiranga o te kawe kore mahi mō te ora pūtau.
Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te Kawenga Ā-kore
Ka whakamahia e te kawe kore mahi te pikinga kukū, arā, te rerekētanga o te kukū o tētahi matū i roto, i waho hoki o te pūtau, hei neke i ngā ngota ngota me te kore e whakamahia he pūngao tāpiri. Nā te mea kāore tēnei nekehanga e hiahia ana ki te ATP (adenosine triphosphate), e kiia ana he pai ake te kaha o te kawe kore mahi i te kawe hohe, e hiahia ana ki te pūngao.
E toru ngā momo matua o te kawe korehau: te horapa ngāwari, te horapa ngāwari, me te osmosis. He tikanga me he mahi motuhake tā ia momo i roto i te horopaki o te matū koiora pūtau.
Te Horapa Māmā
Ko te horapa māmā te tikanga taketake o te kawe kore mahi, e neke tika ai ngā ngota i roto i te kiriuhi paparanga-rua lipid mai i te wāhi kukū teitei ki te wāhi kukū iti. Ka haere tonu tēnei tukanga kia tae rā anō ki te taurite hihiri, arā, he ōrite te kukū o te matū i ngā taha e rua o te kiriuhi.
Ko ngā ngota iti, kore-poari, pērā i te hāora (O2) me te hauhā waro (CO2), ka neke mā te horapa noa. Ka taea e rātou te whiti ngāwari i ngā kiriuhi pūtau nā te mea kāore rātou e araia e te apa rua lipid, e rua ngā paparanga lipid me te paparanga o waho hydrophilic me te paparanga o roto hydrophobic.
Te Whakawhanuitanga Whakangāwari
Kāore e taea e ngā ngota katoa te whiti ngāwari i te paparanga lipid, inā koa ngā ngota nunui, ngā ngota rānei kua utaina pērā i ngā katote me te kūhuka. I ēnei wā, ka whakamahia te horapa ngāwari. He kawe korekore tonu te horapa ngāwari, engari kei roto ko ngā pūmua whakawhiti-membrane motuhake e āwhina ana i te nekehanga o ngā ngota puta noa i te membrane.
Ka taea e ēnei pūmua kawe te noho hei hongere pūmua, hei pūmua kawe rānei. Ka hangaia e ngā hongere pūmua he pūwero i roto i te kiriuhi, e āhei ai ngā ngota ngota, ngā katote rānei kia neke mā roto i aua pūmua. Hei tauira, he mea nui ngā hongere katote i hangaia mō ngā katote pāhare pāporo (K+) mō te whakahaere i ngā pūmanawa hiko i roto i ngā pūtau io.
Ko ngā pūmua kawe, i tētahi atu taha, ka mahi mā te here i ngā ngota ūnga i tētahi taha o te kiriuhi, kātahi ka huri te āhua hei tuku i ngā ngota i tērā taha. He whiriwhiri tēnei momo kawe, e whakarite ana kia taea e ētahi ngota anake te haere. Hei tauira, ka neke te huka ki roto i ngā pūtau mā roto i te kiriuhi plasma mā te whakamahi i ngā pūmua kawe pēnei i a GLUT1.
rerewai
He momo kawe korekore motuhake te osmosis e uru ana ki te nekehanga o te wai puta noa i te kiriuhi haurua-permeable. Ka neke te wai mai i te wāhi he iti te kukū o te matū wairewa (he nui te kukū wai rānei) ki te wāhi he nui te kukū o te matū wairewa kia tae rā anō ki te taurite.
He mea nui te tukanga o te osmosis hei pupuri i te pēhanga osmotic, e whakatau ana i te tohatoha me te taurite o ngā wai i roto i ngā pūtau me waenga i ngā wāhanga o te tinana. Me urutau ngā pūtau ki te pēhanga osmotic o ō rātou taiao hei ārai i te lysis (pakaru) te plasmolysis rānei (mimiti) nā te nui rawa, te kore rānei o te wai.
Te Tūranga Hiranga o te Kawenga Ātaahua
Ehara i te mea he āhuatanga taketake noa iho te kawe kore mahi i roto i te koiora pūtau; he mahi nui hoki tana i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tukanga ā-tinana. Anei ētahi tauira nui o te kawe kore mahi:
1. Manawa Pūtau: Ka uru te hāora e hiahiatia ana mō te manawa pūtau ki roto i te pūtau mā te horapa noa. Waihoki, ko te hauhā waro, he hua o te manawa pūtau, ka puta i te pūtau mā te tikanga kotahi.
2. Te Whakahaere i te Rōrahi Pūtau: He mahi nui tā te osmosis ki te whakahaere i te rōrahi pūtau mā te whakahaere i te nekehanga wai. Me pupuri e ngā pūtau tētahi rōrahi kia pai ai te mahi, ā, he mea nui te mahi whiriwhiri a te kiriuhi pūtau ki te whakahaere i tēnei osmosis.
3. Te Tuku Tohu a te Io: Ko te tuku i te nekehanga o te io e whakawhirinaki ana ki te nekehanga o ngā katote mā roto i ngā hongere katote motuhake. Mā te kawe kore mahi mā roto i ēnei hongere ka taea e ngā utu hiko te neke i roto i ngā axon o ngā neuron, koinei te pūtake o ngā tohu io.
4. Te Nakunaku me te Mimitanga: Mā te tohatoha ngāwari ka taea te mimiti i ngā matūkai nui pērā i te hukahuka me ngā waikawa amino mai i te pūnaha nakunaku ki roto i te toto, kātahi ka tohatohahia puta noa i te tinana.
Whakamutunga
He tikanga nui te kawe kore mahi e whai pānga ana ki ngā mahi koiora maha i te taumata pūtau. Mā te whakamahi i ngā pikinga kukū, ka taea e ngā pūtau te neke i ngā ngota ngota nui me te kore e pau te pūngao, kia mau tonu ai te noho tahi me te tere o te urupare ki ngā huringa taiao.
He mea nui te mārama ki te kawe ā-ngāwari ki ngā wāhanga maha o te koiora me te rongoā, inā koa i roto i te horopaki o ngā mate e pā ana ki te kawe pūtau, pērā i te cystic fibrosis, te mate huka rānei. Ka haere tonu ngā rangahau ki te whakaatu i ngā mahi motuhake o te kawe ā-ngāwari me te kaha whakaora o te kawe ā-ngāwari i roto i ngā momo āhuatanga hauora. Hei te ngākau o te mahi pūtau whai hua me te pumau, ka whakarite te kawe ā-ngāwari kia urutau tonu te ora me te oranga tonutanga i roto i ngā wero taiao.
