Ngā Tauira Pātai e Matapaki ana i ngā Kiriuhi Plasma
Ko te kiriuhi toto, e mōhiotia ana ko te kiriuhi pūtau, he wāhanga nui o te pūtau, e mahi ana hei ārai i waenga i ngā mea o roto o te pūtau me te taiao o waho. Ehara i te mea ko ngā wāhanga o roto o te pūtau anake te tiaki i tēnei kiriuhi engari he mahi anō hoki ki te whakahaere i te nekehanga o ngā matū ki roto, ki waho hoki, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā pūtau, me ētahi atu mahi nui ki te oranga o te pūtau. I roto i te horopaki o te koiora, he mea nui te mārama ki te hanganga me te mahi a te kiriuhi toto hei ako i ngā kaupapa uaua ake i roto i te matū koiora me te koiora pūtau. Kei raro nei ētahi tauira pātai e pā ana ki te kiriuhi toto me ā rātou whakautu.
Pātai 1: Hanganga o te kiriuhi toto
Pātai: Whakaahuahia te hanganga o te kiriuhi toto e ai ki te tauira mosaic wai.
Kōrero:
E whakaahua ana te tauira mosaic wai i te kiriuhi toto hei hanganga hihiri, ngāwari hoki e titoa ana i tētahi paparanga rua (paparanga-rua) o ngā phospholipid, e honoa ana ki ngā mekameka pūmua, te cholesterol, me ngā mekameka warowaihā.
1. Paparanga-rua Phospholipid: Ko te hanganga taketake o te kiriuhi he paparanga-rua o ngā phospholipid, me ngā pane hydrophilic (e kukume ana i te wai) e anga ana ki waho ki ngā taiao wai o waho me roto, me ngā hiku hydrophobic (e ātete ana i te wai) e anga ana ki roto, kia matara atu i te wai. Mā tēnei whakaritenga ka hangaia he kiriuhi haurua-permeable e taea ai e ngā matū whiriwhiri te haere.
2. Ngā Pūmua: Kei roto i te paparanga rua phospholipid ēnei, ā, he rerekē ā rātou mahi. Ka horapa ngā pūmua whakauru puta noa i te kiriuhi katoa, ā, ka uru atu ki te kawe i roto i ngā awaawa, i ngā kaikawe rānei. Ka piri ngā pūmua taha ki ngā mata o waho, o roto rānei, ā, ka āwhina i te tohu pūtau, i te tautoko hanganga rānei.
3. Cholesterol: Kei roto i ngā phospholipids ngā ngota cholesterol, ā, ka pupuri i te rere o te kiriuhi mā te ārai i ngā mekameka waikawa ngako kia kaua e piri rawa, kia taea ai e te kiriuhi te noho ngāwari i runga i ngā pāmahana rerekē.
4. Warowaihā: He maha ngā wā ka piri ki ngā pūmua, ki ngā ngako rānei i te mata o waho o te pūtau, ā, he mahi nui tā ngā warowaihā ki te mōhio me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a te pūtau. Ka whai wāhi ēnei glycoprotein me ngā glycolipids ki te hanganga o te glycocalyx, e āwhina ana ki te tiaki i te pūtau me te whakahaere i ngā taunekeneke ki ētahi atu pūtau.
Pātai 2: Te Mahi a te Kiriuhi Plasma
Pātai: Whakamāramahia ngā mahi matua e toru o te kiriuhi toto.
Kōrero:
1. Te Whakahaere i te Haerenga o ngā Rauemi: Ko te kiriuhi toto he ārai whiriwhiri, e whakahaere ana i te urunga me te putanga o ngā matū. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā tikanga kawe hohe me ngā tikanga kawe kore. Ko te kawe kore, pērā i te horapa me te osmosis, kāore e hiahiatia he pūngao, engari ko te kawe hohe e hiahia ana ki te pūngao pūtau (ATP) hei neke i ngā matū ki te rerekētanga o te kukū o te matū mā roto i ngā papu pūmua.
2. Te Tiaki me te Tautoko Hanganga: Ahakoa he ngāwari, ka whakaratohia e te kiriuhi parāoa he tiaki nui, e tiaki ana i ngā ihirangi pūtau mai i ngā mea kino o waho. Ka pupuri hoki i te hanganga o te pūtau, e tautoko ana i te āhua me te rahi o te pūtau.
3. Te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero me te Tukunga Tohu: Kei roto i te kiriuhi ngā pūmua kaiwhakawhiwhi ka taea te here ki ngā ngota tohu pēnei i ngā homoni, ka whakaoho i te raupapa o ngā mahi i roto i te pūtau, e mōhiotia ana ko te tukunga tohu. He mea nui tēnei kia tere te urupare a ngā pūtau ki ngā huringa o tō rātou taiao me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki ētahi atu pūtau.
Pātai 3: Te Kawe i roto i ngā Kiriuhi
Pātai: He aha ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te horapa ngāwari me te kawe hohe? Tāpirihia he tauira o ia mea.
Kōrero:
– Te Horapa Whakangāwari: He momo kawe ngāwari tēnei, ka neke ngā ngota motuhake puta noa i te kiriuhi pūtau mā roto i ngā awa pūmua, i ngā kaikawe rānei, mai i te wāhi kukū teitei ki te wāhi kukū iti, me te kore e whakamahi i te pūngao. Ko tētahi tauira o te horapa whakangāwari ko te kawe i te hukahuka ki roto i ngā pūtau mā te kaikawe GLUT.
– Te Kawe Kaha: Me whakamahi te pūngao i roto i te ahua o te ATP hei kawe i ngā ngota ira ki te rerekētanga o te pikinga kukū, mai i te wāhi iti te kukū ki te wāhi teitei te kukū. Hei tauira, ko te papu konutai-pāhare pākawa (papu Na+/K+) e pupuri ana i te pikinga hiko puta noa i te kiriuhi mā te pupuhi i ngā katote konutai me ngā katote pāhare pākawa ki roto i te pūtau.
Pātai 4: Ngā Pānga Taiao ki ngā Kiriuhi
Pātai: He aha te pānga o te pāmahana me te pH ki te rere o te kiriuhi toto?
Kōrero:
– Te Pāmahana: Ka whakanui ake ngā pāmahana teitei i te rere o te kiriuhi nā te mea he nui ake te kaha nekeneke o ngā phospholipids, ā, ka neke haere noa atu, ka arahi pea tēnei ki te kore pumau o te kiriuhi. I tetahi atu taha, ka whakaitihia e ngā pāmahana iti te rere, ka pakari ake te kiriuhi, ā, ka pā pea ki tōna urunga me te mahi a ngā pūmua kua whakauruhia. Ka mahi te cholesterol hei parepare, e whakau ana i te kiriuhi puta noa i ngā pāmahana rerekē.
– Ngā Taumata pH: Ka pāngia te hanganga pūmua i roto i te kiriuhi e ngā taumata pH tino nui, ka taea te whakakore i te āhua o te pūmua, ka whakararuraru hoki i tā rātou mahi. Ka pāngia te pumau me te mahi o te kiriuhi, ka pā ki ngā tukanga kawe me te tohu.
Pātai 5: Ngā Taunekeneke o te Kiriuhi me Ētahi Atu Matū
Pātai: Matapakihia te tūranga o ngā pūmua kiriuhi i roto i te mōhio me te piri o te pūtau-pūtau.
Kōrero:
He mea nui te mahi a ngā pūmua kiriuhi i roto i te mōhio me te piri o te pūtau ki te pūtau, he mea nui hoki ēnei mō te hanganga o ngā kiko me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā pūtau.
– Te Mōhiotanga Pūtau-Pūtau: Ko ngā glycoprotein i runga i te kiriuhi he tohu tautuhi e mōhiotia ana e ētahi atu pūtau. He mea nui tēnei i roto i ngā urupare ārai mate, me wehewehe ngā pūtau i waenga i te hunga whai-whaiaro me te hunga kāore i te whai-whaiaro.
– Te Piritanga o ngā Pūtau: Mā ētahi pūmua kiriuhi, pērā i ngā cadherin me ngā integrin, ka āwhina i te piri o ngā pūtau tetahi ki tetahi me te matrix waho o te pūtau. He mea nui tēnei hei pupuri i te hanganga o ngā kiko me te āhei i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā pūtau.
Mā te mārama ki te mahi me ngā āhuatanga o te kiriuhi toto e āwhina i te mārama ki ngā ariā koiora taketake, engari ka whakarato hoki i ngā māramatanga ki ngā tukanga tinana uaua ake me ngā tono koiora pea.
