Ngā Tauira Pātai e Matapaki ana i te Hononga i waenga i te Hanganga Pūtau me te Mahi
Ko ngā pūtau ngā waeine matua o te ora, e whakarato ana i te hanganga me te mahi a ngā mea ora katoa. He mea nui te mārama ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i te hanganga me te mahi a te pūtau i roto i te koiora nā te mea ka mārama ki te mahi a ngā pūtau me te whai wāhi a ō rātou wāhanga ki tā rātou mahi whānui. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e mātou tēnei ariā me te whakarato i ētahi tauira raruraru me ngā kōrero e pā ana ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i te hanganga me te mahi a te pūtau.
He Kupu Whakataki ki te Hanganga me te Mahi a te Pūtau
I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā pūtau ki ngā wāhanga whānui e rua: ngā pūtau prokaryotic me ngā pūtau eukaryotic. He māmā ake ngā pūtau prokaryotic, kāore he karihi e herea ana e te kiriuhi, ā, he maha ngā wā ka kitea i roto i ngā rauropi kotahi-pūtau pērā i te huakita. He rerekē, he karihi motuhake tō ngā pūtau eukaryotic me ngā whekau rerekē e āhei ai te uaua, ā, ka kitea i roto i ngā rauropi pērā i ngā tipu, ngā kararehe, me ngā harore.
He hanganga motuhake tō ia wāhanga pūtau e āhei ai ia ki te mahi i ngā mahi motuhake. Hei tauira, ko te kiriuhi pūtau, he mea tito mai i te paparanga lipid-rua, he ārai whiriwhiri e whakahaere ana i te urunga me te putanga o ngā ngota. Ka rongoa e te karihi ngā rauemi ira me te whakarite i te mahi a te pūtau mā te whakaaturanga ira. He hanganga rite ki te pēke-rua tō te mitochondria e āhei ai te whakaputa pūngao mā te manawa pūtau. He hononga tata te hanganga ahurei o ia o ēnei wāhanga ki ā rātou mahi motuhake.
Tauira Pātai 1: Ngā Kiriuhi Pūtau me ā rātou Mahi
Pātai: He aha te hanganga o te kiriuhi pūtau e āhei ai te kawe i ngā mea tino pai? Whakamāramahia te mahi a ngā wāhanga motuhake i roto i tēnei tikanga.
Kōrero: Ko te kiriuhi pūtau he mea hanga mai i tētahi paparanga ngako kei roto ngā phospholipids me ngā pane hydrophilic me ngā hiku hydrophobic, e hanga ana i tētahi arai haurua-permeable. Mā tēnei ka taea e te kiriuhi te whiriwhiri ko ēhea ngā ngota e tomo ana, e puta atu ana hoki i te pūtau. Ko ngā pūmua whakauru kua whakauruhia ki roto i te kiriuhi ka mahi hei awa, hei kaikawe rānei hei āwhina i te kawe i ngā ngota motuhake kāore e taea te haere ngāwari mā roto i te paparanga ngako, pērā i ngā katote me ngā ngota porowhita. Ka taea e ēnei awa pūmua te whakatuwhera, te kati rānei, i te mea ka huri te āhua o ngā pūmua kaikawe hei neke i ngā ngota puta noa i te kiriuhi. Ko te cholesterol e marara ana i roto i te paparanga rua ka tāpiri i te kaha me te ngāwari ki te kiriuhi, ko ngā glycolipids me ngā glycoproteins he mahi ki te mōhio pūtau me te tohu i waenga i ngā pūtau.
Tauira Pātai 2: Te Mahi a te Pūnaha me te DNA
Pātai: He aha te hononga o te hanganga o te karihi ki tana mahi ki te penapena me te whakapuaki i ngā mōhiohio ira?
Kōrero: Ko te karihi he whekau e herea ana e te kiriuhi takirua, e mōhiotia ana ko te takai karihi, e tiaki ana i te DNA mai i te kino i roto i ētahi atu tukanga pūtau. He pūwero kei roto i tēnei takai e āhei ai te whakawhiti rauemi ki te cytoplasm, pērā i te mRNA me te rRNA e hiahia ana kia puta ki waho mō te hanga pūmua. Kei roto i te karihi ko te chromatin, he matatini o te DNA me ngā pūmua, e hanga ana i ngā chromosome i roto i te āhua whakapoto i te wā o te wehenga pūtau. Ko te karihi, he hanganga matotoru i roto i te karihi, te wāhi o te hanga rRNA me te huihuinga o ngā waeine ribosomal. Nō reira, ko te hanganga o te karihi e tautoko ana i tana mahi i roto i te rokiroki o ngā mōhiohio ira, te tāruarua DNA, me te whakahaere i te whakaaturanga ira.
Tauira Pātai 3: Mitochondria me te Whakaputa Pūngao
Pātai: Whakamāramahia me pēhea te hanganga o ngā mitochondria e āwhina ai i te whakaputanga ATP.
Kōrero: He hanganga tino pai tō ngā mitochondria mō te hanga ATP. E rua ngā kiriuhi, he mahi nui tā ia kiriuhi. Ka taea e ngā katote me ngā ngota iti te uru ki te kiriuhi o waho, ko te kiriuhi o roto ia he ātete rawa, ā, ka takai ki roto i ngā kiriuhi, ka whakanui ake i te horahanga mata mō ngā tauhohenga o te mekameka kawe irahiko. Kei roto i te kiriuhi o roto ngā whākōkī me ngā matatini pūmua e tika ana mō te manawa pūtau me te phosphorylation oxidative, arā, ngā tikanga matua o te hanga ATP. Ka mahi te wāhi i waenga i ngā kiriuhi hei puna katote, e whai wāhi ana ki te hanganga o te pūmua porotini e akiaki ana i te hanga ATP e te ATP synthase.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mārama ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i te hanganga me te mahi a te pūtau hei whakautu i ngā pātai maha i roto i te koiora pūtau me te koiora ngota. Kua hangaia ia wāhanga o te pūtau hei mahi i ngā mahi motuhake e tika ana mō te pupuri i te ora. Mā te ruku hohonu ki te āhua o te tautoko a te hanganga pūtau i tana mahi, ka taea e tātou te mārama ake ki te uauatanga o ngā tukanga koiora me te āhua o te whakahaere i a rātou.
Ngā Pātai Tauira Tāpiri
Pātai:
– He pēhea te tautoko a te hanganga o te pakitara pūtau i roto i ngā tipu i tana mahi tiaki me te tautoko?
– Whakamāramahia te mahi a ngā ribosome i roto i te hanganga pūmua, me pēhea te tautoko a tōna hanganga i tēnei mahi.
Ngā Tohutohu mō te Whakautu i ngā Pātai:
1. Whakamahia ngā Kauwhata: He mea āwhina te mārama ki te whakaaturanga o te hanganga pūtau ki te mārama ki tana mahi. He mea āwhina nui te waihanga, te titiro rānei ki ngā kauwhata i a koe e ako ana, e whakautu ana rānei i ngā pātai.
2. Hononga Ariā: Ngāna ki te hono i te taunekeneke a tētahi wāhanga o te pūtau ki ētahi atu wāhanga, me te pānga o ngā panonitanga o tētahi wāhi ki ngā mahi a ētahi atu pūtau.
3. Tātari Mahi mā te Hanganga: Ina hoatu te hanganga o tētahi okana, o tētahi atu wāhanga pūtau rānei, whakaarohia ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana e tū motuhake ana, ka hono atu ki ngā mahi e tautokona ana e rātou.
Mā te whakaharatau me te māramatanga hohonu ake, ka māmā ake, ka māmā ake hoki te whakautu i ngā pātai mō te whanaungatanga i waenga i te hanganga me te mahi a te pūtau. Hei whakapai ake i tēnei pūkenga, arotahi ki te āhua o te āheinga o ia wāhanga o te pūtau ki te mahi i tana mahi me te whai hua nā ngā urutaunga hanganga motuhake.
