Te Pūtake: Te Pū Whakahaere o te Ora
Ko te karihi pūtau, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te karihi i roto i te koiora, tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino nui o ngā pūtau eukaryotic. E mōhiotia ana ko te pokapū whakahaere o te pūtau, he mahi nui tā te karihi, e whakahaere ana i ngā mahi pūtau mā te whakahaere i te whakaaturanga ira me te pupuri i te pumau o ngā ngota DNA. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te mahi, te hanganga, ngā wāhanga, me te hiranga o te karihi pūtau i roto i ngā rauropi ora.
Hanganga Pūtau
He porowhita, he porotītaha rānei te āhua o te karihi, ā, kei waenganui o te pūtau, ahakoa ka rerekē tōna tūranga i runga i te momo pūtau me te wāhanga whanaketanga. Kei te karapotia te karihi e te kiriuhi e te kiriuhi e rua ngā paparanga lipid: he kiriuhi o roto, he kiriuhi o waho. Ka wehea ēnei paparanga e te wāhi i roto i te karihi, ā, kei roto ngā pūwero karihi hei ara whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i te karihi me te cytoplasm.
1. Kiriuhi Karihi
Ko te kiriuhi karihi he ārai whiriwhiri e wehe ana i ngā ihirangi karihi mai i te cytoplasm o te pūtau. He mahi anō hoki tēnei hanganga ki te tiaki i ngā rauemi ira mai i ngā kino pea e puta mai ana i ngā mahi pūtau e karapoti ana i te karihi. Mā ngā pūwero karihi o tēnei kiriuhi ka taea te whakawhiti i ngā ngota pēnei i te RNA me ngā pūmua i waenga i te karihi me te cytoplasm.
2. Nucleoplasm
Kei roto i te kiriuhi karihi he matrix wai e kiia nei ko te nucleoplasm. Mā te nucleoplasm ka whakaratohia he reo e tautoko ana, e whakahaere ana hoki i te nekehanga o ngā ngota me ngā momo mahi koiora rerekē i roto i te karihi pūtau.
3. Chromatin
He matatini o te DNA me ngā pūmua kei roto i te nucleoplasm te chromatin. Ko te chromatin te tikanga he hanganga miro e mau ana ki roto i te nucleoplasm. I te wā e wehea ana te pūtau, ka whakapotohia te chromatin, ka hanga he hanganga matotoru ake e kiia nei ko ngā chromosome. I roto i te tangata, e 23 ngā takirua o ngā chromosome, e mau ana i ngā mōhiohio ira e tika ana mō te whanaketanga me te mahi a ngā whekau tinana.
4. Te Pūnaha
Ko te wāhanga pokapū o te karihi pūtau ko te nucleolus, he hanganga e whai wāhi ana ki te hanga ribosome. Kei roto i te nucleolus te RNA ribosomal (rRNA) me ngā pūmua, ā, koia te wāhi huihuinga mō ngā waeine ribosomal, ka tukuna atu ki te cytoplasm hei āwhina i te hanga pūmua.
Te Mahi a te Pūtau Pūtau
He maha ngā mahi a te pūtake pūtau e tika ana mō te oranga o te pūtau, tae atu ki:
1. Te Rokiroki me te Tiaki i ngā Mōhiohio Ira
Kei roto i te pūtake pūtau te DNA, te mahere mō te ora. Kei roto i te DNA ngā tohutohu ira e tika ana mō te tipu, te whanaketanga, me te mahi a ngā rauropi. Ko te pūtake pūtau te kawenga mō te pupuri i te pumau me te pono o te DNA mā te whakatika i ngā kino ka puta mai i ngā āhuatanga maha pēnei i te irahiko, i ngā matū rānei.
2. Te Whakahaere i te Whakapuakitanga Ira
Mā te karihi pūtau ka whakahaere i te mahi a te ira mā te whakahaere i te whakawhiti ira. Mā tēnei whakahaere ka taea e ngā pūtau te aro atu ki ngā huringa taiao mā te whakaputa i ngā pūmua e tika ana mō te oranga. He mea nui tēnei tikanga whakahaere mō te rerekētanga o ngā pūtau, i te wā e whakawhanake ana ngā pūtau ōrite i mua i ngā mahi motuhake.
3. Te Wāhi o te Hanganga RNA
I roto i te karihi pūtau, ka puta te tukanga whakawhiti ira DNA ki te RNA. Kātahi ka tukatukahia tēnei RNA ka tukuna atu i te karihi ki te cytoplasm, ka whakawhitia ki te pūmua. Ka tiakina e te karihi te RNA mai i te whakaekenga a ngā whākōkī whakaiti RNA i roto i te cytoplasm tae noa ki te wā e rite ai te ngota hei whakamahi.
Te Hiranga o te Pūtau Pūtau i te Ora
He mea nui te karihi pūtau mō te ora nā te mea ko ia te pokapū whakahaere e ārahi ana i ngā mahi a te pūtau. Ki te kore he karihi, kāore e taea e ngā pūtau te ora mō te wā roa nā te mea kāore e taea e rātou te whakatika, te wehewehe rānei. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui te karihi hauora i te wā e whanake ana ngā rauropi mai i tētahi wāhanga ki tētahi wāhanga, kia tika ai te wehenga pūtau, kia taurite hoki.
Haunga tōna whai wāhi ki ngā mahi taketake o te ora pūtau, he mahi nui anō hoki tā te pūtake pūtau i roto i ngā momo rangahau hauora. Hei tauira, he maha ngā mate, pērā i te mate pukupuku, e hono ana ki ngā huringa, ki te kino rānei o ngā rauemi ira i roto i te pūtake pūtau. Mā te mārama ki te mahi a te pūtake pūtau me ngā take o ēnei huringa, ka taea e ngā kaipūtaiao te whakawhanake i ngā rongoā hou e aro ana ki ngā take o ēnei mate i te taumata ngota.
Rangahau Anō
Kei te haere tonu te rangahau mō te karihi pūtau, e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga o tana mahi ki te whakahaere i ngā mahi me te hanganga o te chromatin, ōna taunekeneke ki te angaanga pūtau, me tana takoha ki te mate me te koroheketanga. Mā te hangarau ira hou me ngā karu hiko matatau, ka taea e tātou te tirotiro i te mahi a te karihi pūtau me te tino tika.
Whakamutunga
He wāhanga matua te karihi o ngā pūtau eukaryotic, e mahi ana hei rokiroki me te tiaki i ngā rauemi ira, hei wāhi hanga RNA, me te whakahaere i te whakaaturanga ira. Mā ēnei mahi katoa ka taea e ngā pūtau te tipu me te mahi tika. He mea nui te mārama ki te hanganga me te mahi a te karihi, ehara i te mea mō te pūtaiao taketake anake, engari mō te whanaketanga o te rongoā me te hangarau koiora. Mā te rangahau tonu i te karihi ka whakawātea i te ara mō ngā kitenga ka taea te whakarerekē i te huarahi e mārama ai tātou ki te ao me te rongoā i ngā momo mate.
