Usati wadzidza nyaya iyi, tanga wanzwisisa zviri pamusoro pefizikisi , masimba anochengetedza , simba remagetsi , mutemo waCoulomb neminda yemagetsi.
Simba remagetsi isimba rinochengetedza zvinhu
Kunze kwesimba rinokwevera pasi uye simba rechitubu, mumwe muenzaniso wesimba rinochengetedza isimba remagetsi. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kuti sei simba remagetsi richinzi simba rinochengetedza, verenga tsananguro inotevera.
Ngatitii kune maplate maviri ane magetsi sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo, plate yekuruboshwe ine positive charge uye plate yerudyi ine negative charge.n negative. Museve uri pakati ndiro dzose dziri mbiri mitsetse yemagetsi yang kubva pakuchaja kwakanaka kuenda pakuchaja kusina kunaka. Chaja yakanaka iri pedyo neplate yakachaja zvakanaka.
Kuvapo kwesimba remagetsi kunoita kuti simba remagetsi rionekwe riri munzira imwe chete nesimba remagetsi, zvekuti simba remagetsi rinokurumidza kuenda kurudyi richienda kune negative charge plate. Nzira yesimba remagetsi iri kurudyi, nenzira imwe chete nekufamba kwesimba remagetsi, kuitira kuti simba remagetsi riite basa rakanaka pachaji. Pamasvomhu, basa rinoitwa nesimba remagetsi pachaji yakanaka ndiW = F s = q E s, apo W = basa, F = simba remagetsi, s = chinhambwe pakati pemaplate maviri, q = positive charge, E = electric field.
Mushure mekusvika pedyo neplate ine chaji isina kunaka, kana mhosva yakanaka kuda kukudzokakan kunzvimbo yayo yepakutanga pedyo ndiro yakachajwa zvakanaka saka maitiro ako anodiwaar Kana mhosva yacho yave yakanaka yakatamiswa kuruboshwe kuenda kuplate ine chaji yakanaka, simba remagetsi rinoramba rakanangidzirwa kurudyi kuitira kuti simba remagetsi riite basa rekusashanda pachaji. Pamasvomhu, basa rinoitwa nesimba remagetsi pachaji yakanaka ndiW = – F s = – q E s.
Basa rose rinoitwa nesimba remagetsi pachaji yakanaka, kana chaji ichienda kurudyi yozodzokera kuruboshwe kunzvimbo yayo yekutanga iW = q E s – q E s = 0. Kana basa rose rinoitwa nesimba pachinhu, kana chinhu chikafamba kubva panzvimbo yacho yekutanga chobva chadzokera panzvimbo yacho yekutanga, rakaenzana ne zero, saka simba isimba rinochengetedza. Zvichibva patsananguro iri pamusoro, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti simba remagetsi isimba rinochengetedza.
Simba remagetsi uye simba remagetsi
Basa rinoitwa nesimba rinochengetedza zvinhu rine chekuita nekuchinja kwesimba rinogona kumuka. Semuenzaniso, basa rinoitwa nesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pahuremu rinochinja simba rinokwevera zvinhu pahuremu. Saizvozvowo, basa rinoitwa nesimba remagetsi pachaji yemagetsi rinochinja simba rinokwevera zvinhu pachaji.
Chaja yakanaka mumunda wemagetsi wakafanana
Mifananidzo miviri iri pazasi inoratidza mienzaniso yebasa rinoitwa nesimba rinochengetedza rinoita kuti pave neshanduko musimba rinokwanisa kuburitsa simba. Tsananguro yebasa rinoitwa nesimba rinokwevera pasi uye shanduko musimba rinokwanisa kuburitsa simba rinoshandiswa kuenzanisa kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa basa rinoitwa nesimba remagetsi uye shanduko musimba rinokwanisa kuburitsa simba remagetsi.
Mufananidzo uri kuruboshwe unoratidza chinhu chiri kudonha. mahara akananga pasi. Kana chinhu chakareba, chine simba guru rekukwevera zvinhu pasi. Kana chinhu chichifamba pasi, simba regiravhiti rinoshanda pachiri. Kutungamira kwesimba regiravhiti kwakafanana nekutungamira kwekutama kwechinhu, kureva pasi, saka simba regiravhiti rinoita basa rakanaka. Kana chinhu chikamhanya pasi, kukwirira kwacho kunoderera, nokudaro zvichideredza simba rayo regiravhiti. Kana yava kuda kusvika pasi, simba regiravhiti rinobva rasvika padanho rayo risingakoshi. Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti basa rakanaka rinoitwa nesimba rinokwevera chinhu rinoderedza simba rekukwevera chinhu. Simba regiravhiti harirasikirwi asi rinoshandurwa kuita simba rekinetic, izvo zvinoratidzwa nekumhanya kuri kuwedzera kwechinhu pachiri kufamba pasi.
Mufananidzo uri kurudyi unoratidza chaji yakanaka.f iri pedyo neplate ine chaji yakanaka. Kana iri pedyo neplate ine chaji yakanaka, simba remagetsi rinosvika padanho rayo guru. Kuvapo kwesimba remagetsi pakati peplate mbiri kunoita kuti chaji ikurumidze nekuda kwesimba remagetsi rinobva ndiro ine chaji yakanaka kuenda kune ine chaji yakaipa. Kana mutoro unoenda kurudyi, simba remagetsi zvakare munzira imwecheteyo se Kubviswa kwechaji kuri kurudyi, kuitira kuti simba remagetsi riite basa rakanaka. Paunenge uchifamba kurudyi, simba remagetsi rinokwira richikwira ukuwo simba remagetsi richiderera. Kana yasvika pedyo neplate ine negative charge, simba remagetsi rinosvika pakukosha kwaro kushoma. Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti basa rakanaka rakaitwa nemagetsi pa mutoro, kuderedza simba remagetsi rinogoneka rekuchaja. Spane zvinopesana, kana chaji yakanaka inodzoserwa panzvimbo yayo yekutanga ipapo nzira yekuchinjisa mari iri kuruboshwe, yakatarisana nenzira simba remagetsi kurudyinNekuti simba remagetsi rinoshanda nenzira dzakasiyana, rinoita basa re negative pa positive charge. Parinofamba kuruboshwe, simba remagetsi rinowedzera. Saka, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti basa re negative rinoitwa nesimba remagetsi pachaji rinowedzera simba remagetsi rechaji.
Chaja isina kunaka mumunda wemagetsi wakafanana
Kusiyana nechaji dzakanaka, chaji dzisina simba dzine simba guru remagetsi kana dziri pedyo neplate ine chaji isina simba uye simba shoma remagetsi kana dziri pedyo neplate ine chaji isina simba. Zviri pachena kuti chaji dzemagetsi dzinobva pa high potential dzichienda pa low potential, saka chaji dzisina simba dzinobvawo paplate ine chaji isina simba dzichienda paplate ine chaji isina simba. Nzira yekufamba kwechaji isina simba iri kuruboshwe, nepo nzira yesimba remagetsi iri kurudyi, saka simba remagetsi rinoita basa risina simba. Pakufamba kuruboshwe, simba remagetsi rine chaji isina simba rinoderera uye rinova nemutengo wakaderera kana chaji isina simba yasvika pedyo neplate ine chaji isina simba. Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti basa risina simba rinoitwa nemagetsi rinoderedza simba remagetsi rine chaji isina simba. Simba remagetsi harirasikirwi asi rinoshandurwa kuita kinetic energy, izvo zvinoratidzwa nekumhanya kuri kuwedzera kwechaji pakufamba kuenda paplate ine chaji isina simba.
Simba remagetsi rinogona kushandiswa mumunda wemagetsi wakafanana
Simba remagetsi rinogoneka pachaji kana riri panzvimbo yakati harizivikanwi. Zvisinei, kana chaji ichifamba kubva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kune imwe, shanduko yesimba rayo remagetsi inogona kuonekwa. Saka, chinonyanya kukosha kuchinja kwesimba rinokwanisa (ΔEP).
Kuenzanisa, kana mango iri pahunde yayo, ine simba rekukwevera pasi asi kukosha kwayo hakuzivikanwe. Kana mango ikakurumidziswa kusvika pasi nesimba rekukwevera pasi, kuderedzwa kwesimba rekukwevera pasi remango kunogona kuonekwa kuburikidza nekuverenga uchishandisa fomura W = Δ EP = mgh, apo m = huremu, g = kukurumidza kwekukwevera pasi, h inhambwe iri pakati pehunde remango nepasi.
Saizvozvowo, shanduko musimba remagetsi rinogoneka rekuchaja inogona kuzivikanwa kana chaja ichikurumidziswa nesimba remagetsi kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Sezvakatsanangurwa kare, kana chaja yakanaka ichibva paplate ine chaji yakanaka ichienda paplate ine chaji yakaipa, kudzikira kwesimba remagetsi rinogoneka rekuchaja kunoverengerwa uchishandisa fomura W = Δ EP = q E s, apo q = chaji yemagetsi, E = munda wemagetsi na s idaro riri pakati pemaplate maviri kana daro riri pakati penzvimbo imwe neimwe. Saizvozvowo, kana chaja isina kunaka ichibva paplate ine chaji yakaipa ichienda paplate ine chaji yakanaka, kuwedzera kwesimba remagetsi rinogoneka rekuchaja kusina kunaka kunoverengerwa uchishandisa fomura W = ΔEP = q E s.
Simba remagetsi rine simba remapoinzi maviri
Kuchinja kwesimba remagetsi hakungoonekwi chete nechaji mumunda wemagetsi wakafanana, asiwo mumunda wemagetsi unogadzirwa nechaji imwe chete yemagetsi. Ngatitii pane chaji imwe chete Q inogadzira munda wemagetsi uye chaji q iri kure r kubva pachaji Q.
Information : k (chinosanduka chaCoulomb) = 9 x 109 Nm2/C2, Q = kuchaja kwemagetsi kunogadzira munda wemagetsi, q = chaji yemagetsi inosangana nekutama mumunda wemagetsi unogadzirwa nechaji Q, s = r = daro rekuchaja q kubva pakuchaja Q.
Kana machaja ese ari maviri aine chiratidzo chimwe chete, + kana – , ipapo machaja maviri anodzingana kana kuti anosudurukana kuitira kuti shanduko yesimba rinokwanisa kuve rakanaka (simba remagetsi rinowedzera). Izvi zvakafanana nechinhu chine huremu chinofamba mudenga kubva panyika kuitira kuti kukwirira kwacho nesimba regiravhiti riwedzere. Kusiyana neizvi, kana machaja maviri aya aine zviratidzo zvakasiyana, machaja maviri aya anokwezvana kana kuti anoswedera pedyo nemumwe nemumwe kuitira kuti shanduko yesimba rinokwanisa kuve negative (simba remagetsi rinoderera). Izvi zvakafanana nechinhu chine huremu chinofamba pasi chichienda pasi kuitira kuti kukwirira kwacho nesimba regiravhiti zviderere.
Simba remagetsi isimba rinochengetedza, saka chimiro chenzira yekuchaja hachina simba pakuchinja kwesimba remagetsi. Chinokanganisa shanduko yesimba remagetsi inzvimbo dzekutanga nedzekupedzisira dzekuchaja.
Munyaya inotevera, tichaongorora simba remagetsi , huwandu hwemuviri hune hukama hwakasimba nesimba remagetsi.
