Munda weMagetsi

Dzidzawo Kukurukurirana kweMibvunzo yeMunda weMagetsi dhani Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso weMunda weMagetsi

Kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa simba remagetsi rinogona kushanda riri kure, pfungwa yemunda yakaunzwa. Pfungwa yemunda wemagetsi yakagadzirwa nemusayendisiti wekuBritain Michael Faraday (1791–1867).

Kunzwisisa

Ngatitii girazi rinotanga risina simba remagetsi. Mushure mekukweshwa nejira, girazi rinotanga kutsvairwa magetsi. Kana girazi richinge rava kuchaja kwemagetsi, panguva imwe chete munda unoonekwa wakakomberedza tsvimbo yegirazi. Kana tsvimbo yegirazi ikasava nerutivi, munda unonyangarika munzvimbo. Saka kuvapo kwemunda hakuparadzaniswi nekuvapo kwechaji yemagetsi. Munda wemagetsi hausi rudzi rwechinhu chakaita semhepo kana rudzi rwemafungu akaita semafungu emagetsi, asi chimwe chinhu chinogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi uye chinokanganisa nzvimbo yakatenderedza chaji yemagetsi, uko simba rayo rinongonzwikwa nemamwe machaji emagetsi.

Kuti tione kana paine munda munzvimbo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti pane mumwe mutoro wekuyedza munzvimbo iyoyo. Chaji yekuedza ichaji (Q) diki kwazvo zvekuti inoburitsa munda mudiki kwazvo saka inogona kufuratirwa. Zvisinei, chaji yekuedza inogona kunzwa simba remunda rinogadzirwa nemamwe magetsi. Chaji yekuedza iripo chete kuti iongorore kana paine munda wemagetsi. Kana uripo, chaji yekuedza ichawana simba muchimiro che simba remagetsi Kusiyana neizvi, kana isipo, muripo wekuyedza hauzowanikwe simba remagetsi.

Tarisa mufananidzo uri padivi.
Mumufananidzo 1, muripo +q₁ uye muripo +q₂ inogadzira munda wemagetsi munzvimbo yakapoteredza. Kana muripo wekuyedza +q waiswa_o panzvimbo imwe chete, muripo wekuyedza +q_o vachiona simba remagetsi. F₁ isimba remagetsi rinoitwa nechaji +q₁ pamutengo wekuyedza +q_o uye F₂ isimba remagetsi rinoitwa nechaji +q₂ pamutengo wekuyedza +q_oMumufananidzo wechipiri, kana muripo wekuyedza wabviswa, munda unoramba uripo uye haunyangarike kubva ipapo.₁ munda unogadzirwa nemagetsi +q₁ uye E₂ munda unogadzirwa nemagetsi +q₂.

Simba remunda

Munda wemagetsi huwandu hwevektori, hune hukuru uye gwara. Simba remunda wemagetsi panzvimbo imwe rinotsanangurwa sesimba remagetsi rinoitwa nechaji yemagetsi pachaji yakanaka yekuedza yakaiswa panzvimbo iyoyo, yakakamurwa nehukuru hwechaji yekuedza.
Information :
E = simba remunda
F = simba remagetsi
q = hukuru hwemari yekuedza
Information :
Q = kuchaja kwemagetsi
r = chinhambwe chiri pakati pekuchaja kwemagetsi nechaja yekuyedza
(verenga: epsilon zero) = mvumo yenzvimbo isina chinhu = 8,854 x 10^-12 C²/Nm²
k = Coulomb constant = 9 x 10⁹ Nm²/C²

Chikamu chesimba remagetsi ndiNewton uye chikamu chechaji yemagetsi ndiCoulomb saka chikamu chemunda ndiNewton/Coulomb, muchidimbu N/C.

Ara

 
Tarisa mufananidzo uri padivi
Vhura Mufananidzo 1a, chaji yemagetsi yakanaka (+Q) inoshandisa simba remagetsi pachaji yekuedza yakanaka (+q), uko kutungamira kwesimba remagetsi (F) kuri kure nechaji ye+Q.
Vhura Mufananidzo 1b, kana muripo wekuyedza wabviswa, panzvimbo iyoyo panenge paine munda (E) une gwara riri kure nemuripo wemagetsi Q.
Vhura Mufananidzo 2a, chaji yemagetsi isina kunaka (-Q) inoshandisa simba remagetsi pachaji yekuedza yakanaka (+q), uko gwara resimba remagetsi (F) rinosvika pachaji ye -Q.
Vhura Mufananidzo 2b, kana muripo wekuyedza wabviswa, panzvimbo iyoyo panenge paine munda (E) une gwara riri pedyo nemuripo wemagetsi -Q.
Zvichibva pamufananidzo netsananguro iri pamusoro apa, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti divi remunda riri kure nechaji yemagetsi yakanaka uye riri kure nechaji yemagetsi yakaipa.

Muenzaniso wezvinetso

1. Poindi A iri mumunda wemagetsi. Simba remunda wemagetsi panzvimbo A i0,4 N/C. Kana chinhu chine chaji ye0,2 C chikaiswa panzvimbo A, simba reCoulomb re...
A. 0,2 N
B. 0,4 N
C. 0,6 N
D. 0,7 N
E. 0,8 N
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa :
E = 0,4 N/C
q = 0,2 C
Akabvunzwa :
Simba remagetsi?
Jawab :
F = q E = (0,2 C)(4 N/C) = 0,8 N
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiE.

2. Nzvimbo ine chaji q iri panzvimbo A mumunda wemagetsi unogadzirwa nechaji (+) zvekuti inonzwa simba re0,1 N munzira inoenda kuchaji q. Kana simba remunda panzvimbo A riri 0,02 N/C, saka hukuru nerudzi rwechaji q...
A. 5,0 C, yakanaka
B. 5,0 C, isina kunaka
C. 4,0 C, yakanaka
D. 2,5 C, isina kunaka
E. 2,5 C, yakanaka
Kukurukurirana:
Zvinozivikanwa :
F = 0,1N
E = 0,02 N/C
Akabvunzwa :
Chii chiri kukura uye gwara rechaja q?
Jawab :
Hukuru hwechaji q:
F = q E
q = F / E = 0,1 N : 0,02 N/C = 5C
Rudzi rwemuripo q:
Kutungamira kweCoulomb force kwakanangana nechaji q saka chaji q inofanira kunge iine kukosha kwakanaka.