Kunzwisisa
Simba remagetsi rinotsanangurwa sesimba rinokwanisa kushandiswa pachikamu chimwe nechimwe chesimba remagetsi . Semuenzaniso, kana pachikamu a, simba remagetsi q riine simba rinokwanisa kushandiswa reEP a , simba iri pachikamu a rinogadzirwa seizvi:
Tsananguro: V = simba remagetsi, EP = simba remagetsi, q = kuchaja kwemagetsi.
V haingoripo panzvimbo a chete asiwo panzvimbo dzese dziri mumunda wemagetsi . Poindi a inoshandiswa semuenzaniso. Sezvazvichatsanangurwa gare gare, kukosha kwayo hakutsamiri pachaji q.
EP ne electric charge zvinhu zvinoyera huwandu, saka V zvakare i scalar quantity. International system unit yeEP iJoule uye international system unit ye electric charge iCoulomb, saka international system unit yeV iJoule per Coulomb (J/C). Rimwe zita reJ/C ndiVolt, rinobva pazita remusayendisiti wekuItaly uye muvambi webhatiri remagetsi, Alessandro Volta (1745-1827).
Musiyano wemagetsi
V panzvimbo imwe, semuenzaniso V panzvimbo a, kureva V a , hazvigone kuzivikanwa nekuti zvinoreva kuchinja kwesimba. Kukosha kwesimba rinogona kuzivikanwa kuburikidza nekuverenga kana kuyera. V inoshanduka kana charge q ichifamba kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Ngatitii charge q inofamba kubva pane imwe nzvimbo a kuenda pane imwe nzvimbo b, saka shanduko yesimba iri:
V ab mutsauko uripo pakati pemapoinzi maviri mumunda wemagetsi, semuenzaniso mapoinzi a na b. Mutsauko uripo pakati pemapoinzi a na b (V ab ) wakaenzana nebasa rinoitwa nesimba remagetsi pachaji yemagetsi parinofamba kubva panzvimbo a kuenda panzvimbo b, pachaji yeyuniti (W ab /q). Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti basa rinoitwa nesimba remagetsi pachaji q parinofamba kubva panzvimbo a kuenda panzvimbo b (W ab ) rakaenzana nekuchinja kwesimba rinokwanisa rechaji q (ΔEP). Saka, muequation iri pamusoro apa ΔEP inogona kutsiviwa naW ab.
Kana chinhu chiri panzvimbo yakati pamusoro penyika, chine simba rekukwevera pasi, uko pamusoro penyika panoshandiswa senzvimbo yekunongedzera. Muchiitiko ichi, kukwirira kwepasi nesimba rekukwevera pasi chaipo papasi zvakaiswa pazero. Kufanana nesimba rekukwevera pasi, patinotaura kuti poindi ine simba rakati, imwe poindi inofanira kushandiswa senzvimbo yekunongedzera, tichifunga kuti musiyano wesimba chete ndiwo unogona kuverengerwa. Kazhinji, pasi kana kondakita yemagetsi yakabatana nepasi inosarudzwa senzvimbo yekunongedzera, uko mukana uri pakondakita kana mukana uri pasi wakaiswa pazero. Saka, kana poindi ine V ye12 Volts, musiyano wesimba uri pakati pepoindi iyoyo nepasi i12 Volts. Mubhatiri re6 Volt, musiyano wesimba uri pakati pepositi yakanaka nepositi isina simba i6 Volts. Nekuti unit yemusiyano wesimba iVolts, musiyano wesimba uri pakati pemapoinzi maviri unowanzo kunzi voltage yemagetsi.
Musiyano wepotenti uri pamusoro apa unogona kunyorwa zvakare seizvi:
Kana chaji q ikapfuura nemusiyano ungangoitika Vab zvino simba rinogona kuchinja neΔEP. Semuenzaniso, kana chaji yeCoulombs mbiri ikapfuura nemusiyano we potential we12 Volts, simba rinogona kuchinja ne (2 C)(12 V) = 24 Joules. Saizvozvowo, kana chaji yeCoulombs ina ikapfuura nemusiyano we potential we24 Volts, simba rinogona kuchinja ne (4 C)(24 V) = 96 Joules.
Saka shanduko musimba rinokwanisa kushanda (ΔEP) inoenderana nechaji (q) uye voltage yemagetsi (Vab ) . Chaji yemagetsi kana voltage yemagetsi yakakura, shanduko yesimba rinokwanisa kushanda inowedzera. Simba rinokwanisa kushanda rine chekuita nekugona kushanda, saka kana shanduko musimba rinokwanisa kushanda yakakura, kugona kushandawo kwakakura.
Equation yemusiyano wepotenti iri pamusoro apa ichiri yakajairika. Kuti uwane equation yeV yakadzama, funga nezvemusiyano wepotenti mumunda wemagetsi wakafanana uye unobva pakuchaja kamwe chete.
Munda wemagetsi wakafanana
Musiyano uripo pakati pemapoinzi maviri mumunda wemagetsi wakafanana, semuenzaniso poindi a nepoindi b, unogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa equation iri pazasi:
Tsananguro: V ab = musiyano uripo pakati pemapoinzi maviri, E = munda wemagetsi uye s = daro riri pakati pemapoinzi maviri.
Mutoro mumwe chete
Kugona kuitika panguva imwe nekuda kwekuvapo kwekuchaja kamwe chete kunogadzira munda wemagetsi kunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa equation:
Tsananguro: V ab = musiyano uripo pakati pemapoinzi maviri, k = Coulomb's constant, Q = kuchaja kamwe chete kunogadzira munda wemagetsi, r = daro riri pakati pekuchaja Q nenzvimbo iyo potential inoverengerwa.
Hukama huripo pakati pesimba remagetsi nezvinogoneka
Munda wemagetsi inhamba yevector, nepo potential iri uwandu hwescalar. Mavector huwandu hunosanganisira gwara, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuverenga kupfuura uwandu hwescalar. Kuti zvive nyore kuverenga, panoshandiswa equation inoratidza hukama huripo pakati pemunda wemagetsi nepotential.
Musiyano wepotenti wakatsanangurwa kare wakanyorwazve seizvi:
Pamasvomhu, basa chibereko chesimba uye kusuduruka, uko simba riri chibereko chechaji uye simba remagetsi. Hukama huripo pakati pebasa, simba, uye kusuduruka hunoratidzwa kuburikidza ne equation iri pazasi:
Kana ma equation maviri ari pamusoro apa akabatanidzwa, equation itsva inogadzirwa seizvi:
Tsananguro: E = Munda wemagetsi, V ab = musiyano uripo pakati pemapoinzi maviri, semuenzaniso mapoinzi a na b, d = daro riri pakati pemapoinzi maviri.
Chiyero chemusiyano wepotenti iVolt uye chiyero chedaro imeter kuitira kuti munda wemagetsi ugone kuratidzwa muzvikamu zveVolt pamita (V/m).
Iyi equation inogona kushandiswa kuona munda wemagetsi (wakafanana) kana musiyano uripo pakati pemapoinzi maviri nedaro riri pakati pawo uchizivikanwa. Zvichienderana ne equation, munda wemagetsi unoenderana ne potential uye unoenderana nedaro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana potential yakakura, munda wemagetsi wakakura, uye daro rakakura, ndipo panobva pava ne diki munda wemagetsi.
