Pūtaiao

Te whakamāramatanga o tētahi karu tiro whetū (ngā karu tirotiro)

Ko te karu tiro whetū, te karu tiro whetū rānei, he taputapu whatu e whakamahia ana hei āwhina i te kanohi kia kite mārama i ngā mea o te rangi pērā i ngā whetū, ngā aorangi, ngā amiorangi, me ētahi atu. Ahakoa he tino rahi te rahi o ngā mea o te rangi, he tino tawhiti te tawhiti i waenga i ngā mea o te rangi, ā, ina tirohia ki te kanohi, ka āhua iti ngā mea o te rangi. Ko te mahi a te karu tiro whetū he whakanui i te ahua o ngā mea o te rangi kia mārama ai te kite ki te kanohi.

Pānuitia atu

Ko te rahi koki te mea e whakatau ana i te rahi o te ahua i hangaia ki te retina. E ai ki te whakaahua i runga ake nei, ko te iti o te mea, ko te iti o te rahi koki, nō reira ko te iti o te ahua i hangaia ki te retina. Ko te iti o te ahua i runga i te retina te take e uaua ai te kanohi ki te kite mārama i ngā mea iti, ahakoa ka tirohia mai i te pūwāhi tata noa, mai i te tawhiti rānei o te 25 cm.

Pānuitia atu

Te Mārama ki ngā Karuiti

He taputapu whatu te karu hiko e whakamahia ana hei āwhina i te kanohi kia kite mārama i ngā mea tino nohinohi, engari he uaua ki te kite tika mā te kanohi , mā te karāhe whakanui rānei.

E rua ngā momo karu hiko: ko ngā karu hiko mārama me ngā karu hiko irahiko . E matapakihia ana i tēnei tuhinga ngā karu hiko mārama me tā rātou mahi e pā ana ki te kaupapa o ngā karu hiko āhuahanga, tae atu ki te whakaata mārama, te hanganga ahua, me te whakanui i te ahua o tētahi mea mā te whakamahi i ngā karu arotahi.

I mua i te ako i tēnei tuhinga, he mea pai kia akohia e koe te arotake o ngā karu whakanui, ngā karu whakanui rānei, kia māmā ake ai, kia tere ai hoki tō mārama ki tēnei tuhinga.

Pānuitia atu

Ngā tauira pātai me ngā tātai mō ngā karāhe whakanui

1. Kei te tirotirohia e tētahi kairangahau tētahi rau mā te whakamahi i tētahi karāhe arotahi kōpiko me te roa arotahi o te 25/3 cm hei karāhe whakanui. Ko tēhea te kōrero tika?

(1) E 4 te whakanui koki mēnā kei te 25 cm te tawhiti o te ahua whakamutunga o te mea.

(2) Ko te whakanui koki he ōrite ki te 3 mēnā kei te mutunga kore te ahua whakamutunga o te mea.

(3) Ko te kaha o te karu arotahi he 12 Diopters

(4) Ko te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu he 25/3 cm mēnā he 50/3 cm te tawhiti o te mea.

Kōrero

Pānuitia atu

Te whakamāramatanga o te karāhe whakanui

Ko te karāhe whakanui, te karāhe whakanui māmā rānei, he karāhe pūkohu e whakamahia ana hei āwhina i te kanohi ki te kite i ngā mea uaua ki te kite tika, pērā i ngā tuhinga iti rawa. Ka kiia te karāhe whakanui he karāhe whakanui māmā nā te mea he iti noa te kaha ki te whakanui i te ahua o tētahi mea. I te akoranga e whai ake nei, ka ako koe mō ngā karāhe whakanui kore-māmā pērā i ngā karu hiko , ngā karu tirohanga whenua , me ngā karu tirohanga.

Pānuitia atu

3 Ngā tauira o ngā pātai mō ngā mōhiti whatu

1. Me kī, he mōhiti kanohi kei tō hoa, he -2 ngā karāhe o ōna karaihe. Ngā karaihe mōhiti ko te tikanga e 2 henemita mai i te kanohi.
(a) He mōhiti ā tō hoa karāhe kōpiko ranei karāhe kōpiko ?
(b) He aha te roa o te arotahi o te karu arotahi?
(c) Ngā kanohi o tō hoa te tirohanga tata ranei tirohanga tawhiti Mena he kanohi tata koe, ko tēhea te tawhiti tino tawhiti ka taea e ō kanohi te kite? Mena he kanohi tata koe, ko tēhea te tawhiti tino tata ka kitea e te kanohi?

Pānuitia atu

2 Ngā tauira pātai mō ngā taputapu whatu karāhe whakapā

1. Me kī kei te whakamahi koe i tētahi karāhe whakapā he -5 ngā diopters te kaha. Kua piri te karāhe whakapā ki te kanohi kia rite te tawhiti i waenganui i te karāhe me te karāhe ki te ngā karaihe whakapā ā, e kiia ana ngā kanohi he kore.
(a) Te whakamahinga o ngā karaihe whakapā karāhe kōpiko ranei karāhe kōpiko ?
(b) He aha te roa o te arotahi o te karu arotahi?
(c) Koe te tirohanga tata ranei tirohanga tawhiti Mena he kanohi tata koe, ko tēhea te tawhiti tino tawhiti ka taea e ō kanohi te kite? Mena he kanohi tata koe, ko tēhea te tawhiti tino tata ka taea e te kanohi te kite?

Pānuitia atu

2 Ngā tauira pātai mō ngā taputapu kanohi whatu

1. He tangata kei a ia ngā kanohi noa te mātakitaki i tētahi mea i tētahi pūwāhi tawhiti, ko te pūwāhi tawhiti o te kanohi noa he mutunga kore. Ko te roa arotahi o te karu kanohi he rite ki te tawhiti i waenga i te kornea me te retina, arā, 2,5 cm, tautuhia (a) te tawhiti o te ahua, (b) te kaha o te karu.
Kōrero
Ko te mahi a te pūnaha karāhe-arotahi o te kanohi he huripoki me te arotahi i ngā hihi mārama e tomo ana ki te kanohi. Mena ko te karāhe anake e whakahuatia ana, me kī ko te karāhe anake ka huripoki i ngā hihi mārama. He rite te mahi a te karāhe ki te karāhe pūkohu, ki te karāhe pūkohu rānei. arotahi whakapūmau e arotahi ana i te hihi mārama ki tētahi pūwāhi.

Pānuitia atu

2 Ngā tauira o ngā pātai mō ngā karāhe takirua kōpikopiko-kōpikopiko

1. Ko te roa arotahi o tētahi karāhe kōpiko he 30 cm, ā, ko te roa arotahi o tētahi karāhe kōpiko he 20 cm te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā karāhe e rua, he 150 cm. Mena kei mua i te karāhe kōpiko te mea e 40 cm, tātaihia te tawhiti o te ahua me te whakanui o te ahua i hangaia e ngā karāhe e rua. karāhe kōpiko dan karāhe kōpiko te!
Kōrero
E mōhiotia ana:
Ko te roa o te arotahi o te karu arotahi (f₁) = +30 henemita
He pai te roa arotahi o te karāhe arotahi pūkohu nā te mea ka haere te hihi mārama mā te pūwāhi arotahi o te karāhe arotahi pūkohu.
Ko te roa o te arotahi o te karu whāiti (f₂) = -20 henimita

Pānuitia atu

2 Ngā tauira o ngā pātai mō ngā karāhe takirua pūkohu pūkohu

1. E rua ngā karāhe arotahi kōpikopiko, he 20 henimita te roa o te arotahi o ia karāhe, he 30 henimita te roa, ā, ko te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā karāhe arotahi e rua he 70 henimita. Kei mua i te karāhe arotahi tuatahi tētahi mea he 30 henimita. Tātaihia te tawhiti o te ahua me te whakanui o te ahua i hangaia e ngā karāhe arotahi e rua. karāhe kōpiko te!
Kōrero

Pānuitia atu