Ko te rahi koki te mea e whakatau ana i te rahi o te ahua i hangaia ki te retina. E ai ki te whakaahua i runga ake nei, ko te iti o te mea, ko te iti o te rahi koki, nō reira ko te iti o te ahua i hangaia ki te retina. Ko te iti o te ahua i runga i te retina te take e uaua ai te kanohi ki te kite mārama i ngā mea iti, ahakoa ka tirohia mai i te pūwāhi tata noa, mai i te tawhiti rānei o te 25 cm.
He iti noa te kaha o te karāhe whakanui, te karāhe whakanui rānei ki te whakanui i ngā ine koki. Nō reira, ki te mea he iti rawa te mea, ā, he uaua ki te kite mā te karāhe whakanui, me whakamahi he taputapu whatu he pai ake te kaha ki te whakanui koki. Ko te taputapu whatu e kōrerohia ana ko karuārai whatuKo te taputapu whatu o te karuārai he mea tito mai i ngā karāhe kōpikopiko e rua, e kiia ana ko te karāhe whāinga me te karāhe karuārai kanohi. Ko te karāhe whāinga he whakanui i te ahua me te whakatata atu ki te karāhe karuārai kanohi, ā, ka whakanui ake i te rahi koki. I tetahi atu taha, ko te karāhe karuārai kanohi he whakanui ake i te rahi koki, ā, ka whakaiti i te rahi o te ahua i hangaia ki te retina. mata nui ake.
1. Te Whakanui Katoa o te Karuārai ina iti rawa te urunga o te kanohi
1.1 Te Whakanui Raina o te Arotahi Whāinga ina iti rawa te noho o te kanohi
Ko te arotahi whāinga karāhe kōpiko Nō reira, he rite tonu te tātai whakanui rārangi mō te karu arotahi ki te tātai whakanui rārangi mō te karu arotahi pūkohu.
Ko te ahua tūturu i hangaia e te karu arotahi ka kitea hei mea e te karu tirohanga. He iti noa te urunga o te kanohi ina tino marino te uaua ciliary o te kanohi, ā, ka tutuki tēnei mena he tawhiti mutunga kore te ahua whakamutunga i hangaia e te karu tirohanga. Kia tino tawhiti mutunga kore te ahua whakamutunga i hangaia e te karu tirohanga, me noho te ahua tūturu i hangaia e te karu arotahi ki te pūwāhi arotahi o te karu tirohanga. Nō reira, ko te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu mai i te karu arotahi (sob') = te tawhiti i waenganui i te arotahi arotahi me te arotahi karu (l) – te roa arotahi o te arotahi karu (fok).
Whakaahuatanga: mob = te whakanui rārangi o te karāhe arotahi, l = te tawhiti i waenga i te karāhe arotahi me te karu tirohanga, fok = te roa o te arotahi o te karu arotahi, sob = te tawhiti o te mea mai i te arotahi arotahi
Kāore te tohu kino i te whakamahia nā te mea ko te tohu kino he tohu noa iho mō tētahi ahua kua hurihia.
1.2 Te Whakanui Koki o te Arotahi Karu ina iti rawa te Āhua o te Kanohi
He karāhe pūkohu te karāhe kanohi, nō reira he rite tonu te tātai mō te whakanui koki o te karāhe kanohi ki te tātai mō te whakanui koki o te karāhe pūkohu o te karāhe whakanui ina iti rawa te noho o te kanohi.
Ko te tātai mō te whakanui koki o te karāhe whakanui pūkohu ina iti rawa te noho o te kanohi:
M = N / f
Ka hurihia te roa arotahi (f) ki te roa arotahi o te karu arotahi (fok).
Mok = N / fok
Whakaahuatanga: M = whakanui koki, N = tawhiti tata o te kanohi noa, fok = te roa o te arotahi o te karu arotahi.
1.3 Te Whakanui Koki Katoa ina iti rawa te Āhua o te Kanohi
Ko te whakanui koki katoa (M) ko te hua o te whakanui raina o te karu arotahi (mob) me te whakanui koki o te karu tirohanga (Mok):
Te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā karāhe e rua (l) – te roa o te arotahi o te karāhe karu (f)ok) = te tawhiti o te ahua mai i te arotahi arotahi (sob'). Kei te tata rawa te mea ki te pūwāhi arotahi o te karāhe arotahi, nō reira ko te tawhiti o te mea mai i te karāhe arotahi (sob) tata rite ki te roa arotahi o te arotahi arotahi (fob).
He mariko, he huripokitia, he tino tawhiti te ahua whakamutunga, arā, he mutunga kore 😉. Ahakoa te tawhiti mutunga kore o te ahua whakamutunga, ehara i te mea he mutunga kore te rahi o te ahua whakamutunga.
2. Te Whakanui Katoa o te Karuārai ina noho te Kanohi ki te Wāhi Noho Mōrahi
2.1 Te Whakanui Raina o te Arotahi Whāinga ina noho te Kanohi ki te Wāhi Noho Mōrahi
He karāhe pūkohu te karāhe kanohi, nō reira he rite tonu te tātai whakanui rārangi mō te karāhe kanohi ki te tātai whakanui rārangi mō te karāhe pūkohu.
Ko te ahua tūturu i hangaia e te karu arotahi ka kitea hei mea e te karu tirohanga. Ka taea e te kanohi te urutau pai rawa atu ina tino kaha te uaua ciliary o te kanohi, ā, ka tutuki tēnei mena kei te 25 cm te tawhiti o te ahua whakamutunga i hangaia e te karu tirohanga mai i te karu tirohanga, ko te 25 cm te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa. Ina te tawhiti o te ahua whakamutunga i hangaia e te karu tirohanga (s)ok') he rite ki te pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa (N) kātahi ko te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu mai i te karu arotahi (sok):
He mariko te ahua whakamutunga i hangaia e te karu arotahi, nō reira ka hoatu he tohu kino.
sok ko te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu (mea) mai i te karu arotahi. sob' ko te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu mai i te arotahi arotahi. sob' + sok = te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā karāhe e rua (l). Nō reira sob' = l – sok
Whakaahuatanga: mob = te whakanui rārangi o te karāhe arotahi, l = te tawhiti i waenga i te karāhe arotahi me te karu tirohanga, sok = te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu mai i te karu arotahi, sob = te tawhiti o te mea mai i te arotahi arotahi
Kāore te tohu kino i te whakamahia nā te mea ko te tohu kino he tohu noa iho mō tētahi ahua kua hurihia.
2.2 Te Whakanui Koki o te Arotahi Karu ina tae te Kanohi ki te Wāhi Noho Mōrahi
He karāhe kōpikopiko te karāhe kanohi, nō reira ko te tātai mō te whakanui koki o te karāhe kanohi he rite tonu ki te tātai mō te whakanui koki o te karāhe kōpikopiko o te karāhe whakanui ina tae te kanohi ki te wāhi e tino pai ana te noho.
Ko te tātai mō te whakanui koki o te karāhe whakanui pūkohu ina tae te kanohi ki te taumata teitei:
Whakaahuatanga: M = whakanui koki, N = pūwāhi tata o te kanohi noa, f = roa arotahi o te karu arotahi.
2.3 Te Whakanui Koki Katoa ina noho te Kanohi ki te Wāhi Noho Mōrahi
Ko te whakanui koki katoa (M) ko te hua o te whakanui raina o te karu arotahi (mob) me te whakanui koki o te karu tirohanga (Mok).
Te tawhiti i waenganui i te karāhe arotahi me te karāhe karu (l) – te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu mai i te karāhe karu (s)ok)= te tawhiti o te ahua tūturu mai i te arotahi arotahi (sob'). Kei te tata rawa te mea ki te pūwāhi arotahi o te karāhe arotahi, nō reira ko te tawhiti o te mea mai i te karāhe arotahi (sob) tata rite ki te roa arotahi o te arotahi arotahi (fobNō reira, ka taea te whakarerekē i te tātai i runga ake nei ki:
