Incazelo Yamabhizinisi Aphethwe Ngawo Azimele (i-BUMS)
I-Pendahuluan
AmaBhizinisi Aphethwe Ngabanye (i-BUMS) ayisici esibalulekile somnotho wezwe, okuhlanganisa ne-Indonesia. Ama-BUMS yizinkampani ezinemali yazo ephethwe yizinhlangano ezizimele ngokuphelele, kungaba ngazinye noma ngamaqembu. Ngokomnotho, ama-BUMS adlala indima ebalulekile ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi, ekuqhubeni umnotho, kanye nasekufakeni isandla ekukhuleni koMkhiqizo Wezwe (i-GDP).
Umlando kanye nentuthuko ye-BUMS e-Indonesia
Umlando wamabhizinisi kahulumeni (i-BUMS) e-Indonesia ungalandelelwa emuva enkathini yamakoloni, lapho izinkampani ezahlukene ezizimele, ikakhulukazi ezivela eDashi, zazibusa imikhakha ebalulekile njengezindawo zokutshala, ezohwebo, kanye nezimboni. Ngemva kokuzimela, uhulumeni wase-Indonesia waqala imizamo yokwenza izinkampani eziningana eziphethwe ngabanye abantu zibe ngezasekhaya zibe ngezasekhaya. Kodwa-ke, umkhakha ozimele uyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile futhi uyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokuhambisana nezinqubomgomo zomnotho ezishintshayo.
Ngesikhathi se-New Order, uhulumeni wakhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese ngezinqubomgomo zakhe zomnotho. Lokhu kwakuqhutshwa ukuqwashisa ngendima ebalulekile yomkhakha wangasese ekukhuthazeni ukukhula komnotho kazwelonke. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, sibone ukwanda kwamabhizinisi kahulumeni (ama-SOE) emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, njengokukhiqiza, amabhange, kanye nezinsizakalo.
Izici ze-BUMS
Ngaphandle kokuba yinkampani ezimele ngokuphelele, ama-BUMS anezici ezihlukile eziwahlukanisa nezinye izinhlobo zezinkampani, njengezinkampani eziphethwe nguhulumeni (i-BUMN). Nazi ezinye zezici eziyinhloko ze-BUMS:
1. Ubunikazi Benhloko-dolobha: Yonke imali e-BUMS ivela kubantu noma emaqenjini azimele. Abanikazi bahileleke ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ekuphathweni nasekuthathweni kwezinqumo zenkampani.
2. Inhloso Eyinhloko: Ama-BUMS agxile enzuzweni. Inzuzo etholwayo ivame ukusatshalaliswa kubanikazi ngendlela yezabelo noma itshalwe kabusha ebhizinisini ukuze kukhule futhi kwandiswe.
3. Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Zokusebenza: Ngenxa yokuthi aziboshiwe yimithetho kahulumeni eqinile ngokweqile, ama-BUMS avame ukuba nezimo kakhulu ekwenzeni izinqumo zebhizinisi. Lokhu kuwavumela ukuthi azivumelanise ngokushesha nezinguquko zemakethe nezidingo zabathengi.
4. Ukuzimela Ekuphatheni: Ukuphathwa kwe-BUMS kwenziwa ngokuzimela ngumnikazi kanye/noma abaphathi abaqokiwe. Banesibopho ngqo sempumelelo noma ukwehluleka kwebhizinisi.
Indima kanye Nomsebenzi we-BUMS Emnothweni
Ama-BUMS adlala indima ebalulekile futhi asebenza ekusekeleni umnotho wezwe. Nazi ezinye zezindima zawo zamasu:
1. Umhlinzeki Wemisebenzi: I-BUMS ingenye yabahlinzeki bemisebenzi abakhulu emkhakheni ozimele. Ngokudala amathuba emisebenzi ahlukahlukene, i-BUMS isiza ekunciphiseni ukungasebenzi kanye nokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yomphakathi.
2. Umnikelo ku-GDP: I-BUMS inegalelo elikhulu ku-GDP kazwelonke ngemisebenzi eyahlukahlukene yezomnotho njengokukhiqizwa kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo, ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
3. Abakhokhi bentela: Ama-BUMS enza umnikelo omkhulu emalini engenayo kahulumeni ngokukhokha intela. Lo mthombo wemali engenayo ubalulekile kuhulumeni ukuze axhase intuthuko kanye nezinsizakalo zomphakathi.
4. Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha Nokuncintisana: Ukuncintisana phakathi kwe-BUMS (Amabhizinisi Aphethwe Nguhulumeni) kwandisa ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokusebenza kahle. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukudalwa kwemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezingcono, ekugcineni kukhulisa ukuncintisana komnotho wezwe emakethe yomhlaba wonke.
Izinselele Ezibhekene Ne-BUMS
Naphezu kokudlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni, i-BUMS ibhekene nezinselelo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa:
1. Isimo Sebhizinisi Nemithethonqubo: Izinguquko zomthetho ezingalindelekile kanye nesimo sebhizinisi esingesihle kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-BUMS. Lokhu kungaqiniseki kuvame ukudala izingozi ezinkulu kubatshalizimali.
2. Ukuncintisana Komhlaba Wonke: I-BUMS ayincintisani nezinkampani zasendaweni kuphela kodwa nezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezinezinsizakusebenza eziningi. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi i-BUMS ithuthukise ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle njalo.
3. Ukufinyelela Emalini Eyinhloko: Nakuba amanye ama-BUMS amakhulu enokufinyelela okulula emithonjeni yezimali, amabhizinisi amaningi amancane naphakathi asabhekana nobunzima ekutholeni imali yokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi.
4. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwabasebenzi: I-BUMS kumele iqhubeke nokutshala imali ekuthuthukisweni kwabasebenzi ukuze ikwazi ukuncintisana emakethe yemisebenzi encintisana kakhulu.
Isiphetho
AmaBhizinisi Aphethwe Ngabazimele (ama-SOE) adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wase-Indonesia. Njengabathuthukisi abayinhloko bomkhakha ozimele, ama-SOE adala imisebenzi, afaka isandla ku-GDP, futhi akhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselelo ezahlukahlukene, indima yamasu ama-SOE emnothweni ayinakunakwa. Ukuze aqhubeke nokukhula, ama-SOE adinga ukubhekana nalezi zinselelo futhi azivumelanise nokuguquguquka komnotho womhlaba wonke okushintsha njalo. Ukusekelwa kukahulumeni ngendlela yemithetho esekelayo kanye nesimo sebhizinisi esivumayo nakho kubalulekile kuma-SOE ukuze anikele ngendlela efanele entuthukweni kazwelonke.
