Ithiyori Yokuziphatha Kwesimo Ukuziphatha kuvame ukuqondwa njengeqoqo lezimiso ezisiza abantu ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezenzo ezilungile nezingalungile. Kodwa-ke, empilweni yansuku zonke, ukwahlulela kokuziphatha akuhlali kulula njengokuthi "lokhu kuhle" noma "lokhu kubi." Kunezimo eziningi ezenza isenzo sibonakale silungile kwesinye isimo kodwa singalungile kwesinye. … Funda kabanzi
Umqondo Wokuziphatha Okuhle Emikhubeni Yokuziphatha Ye-Deontological Ukuziphatha okuhle kungenye yezindikimba eziyisisekelo kakhulu kwifilosofi yokuziphatha, njengoba kuphathelene nombuzo othi: yini eyenza isenzo sibe silungile noma singalungile? Enye indlela enethonya elikhulu ekuphenduleni lo mbuzo ukuziphatha okuhle kwe-deontological. Ngokungafani nezindlela ezihlola ukuziphatha okusekelwe emiphumeleni, ukuziphatha okuhle kwe-deontological kugcizelela ukuthi ukuziphatha okuhle kakhulu... Funda kabanzi
Incazelo ye-Nihilism Ngokusho kukaNietzsche I-Nihilism ingenye yamagama angukhiye adumile kakhulu kwifilosofi kaFriedrich Nietzsche. Kodwa-ke, leli gama livame ukungaqondwa kahle ngokuthi "ukungakholelwa lutho," "ukuphila akunalutho," noma "noma yini iyavunyelwa ngoba akukho ukuziphatha okuhle." KuNietzsche, i-nihilism akuyona nje i-desimism yomuntu siqu, kodwa kunalokho isenzakalo esibanzi emasikweni aseNtshonalanga: isimo somlando lapho... Funda kabanzi
UKant kanye ne-Aesthetic Theory of Beauty Immanuel UKant (1724–1804) ungomunye wezazi zefilosofi ezinethonya kakhulu emlandweni wemicabango yaseNtshonalanga. Waziwa kakhulu ngemisebenzi yakhe emikhulu ku-epistemology kanye nokuziphatha, kodwa iminikelo yakhe ku-aesthetics—ikakhulukazi i-theory yakhe yobuhle—ayibalulekile kangako. Ku-Critique of Judgment yakhe (1790), uKant wakha uhlaka lobuhle olwazama… Funda kabanzi
Umqondo Wokuba Khona Ngokusho KukaHeidegger UMartin Heidegger (1889–1976) wayengomunye wezazi zefilosofi ezinethonya kakhulu zekhulu lama-20, ikakhulukazi ngomsebenzi wakhe iSein und Zeit (Ukuba Khona Nesikhathi, 1927). Kule ncwadi, uHeidegger wabuza lokho ayekubheka njengombuzo oyisisekelo kodwa onganakwa kakhulu emlandweni wefilosofi yaseNtshonalanga: kusho ukuthini ukuthi “ukuba khona” noma “ukuba khona” (Ukuba Khona/uSein)? Ngokungafani nesiko le-metaphysical… Funda kabanzi
Umqondo Wokuba Khona Ngokusho KukaHeidegger UMartin Heidegger (1889–1976) wayengomunye wezazi zefilosofi ezinethonya kakhulu zekhulu lama-20, ikakhulukazi ngomsebenzi wakhe iSein und Zeit (Ukuba Khona Nesikhathi, 1927). Kule ncwadi, uHeidegger wabuza lokho ayekubheka njengombuzo oyisisekelo kodwa onganakwa kakhulu emlandweni wefilosofi yaseNtshonalanga: kusho ukuthini ukuthi “ukuba khona” noma “ukuba khona” (Ukuba Khona/uSein)? Ngokungafani nesiko le-metaphysical… Funda kabanzi
Umqondo Wokuziphatha Ngokusho kuka-Al-Farabi. U-Al-Farabi (owafa ngo-950 CE) wayengomunye wezazi zefilosofi ezinkulu emasikweni asendulo amaSulumane, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "uMfundisi Wesibili" ngemuva kuka-Aristotle. Lesi sidlaliso sibonisa ithonya elinamandla lomcabango wamaGreki—ikakhulukazi ukucabanga kanye nefilosofi esebenzayo—emisebenzini yakhe. Kodwa-ke, u-Al-Farabi akazange nje akopishe u-Aristotle noma uPlato; wahumusha futhi wathuthukisa imibono yabo ngaphakathi kohlaka olwalufanele… Funda kabanzi
Ukugxekwa kukaNietzsche Kokuziphatha UFriedrich Nietzsche ungomunye wezazi zefilosofi ezinethonya kakhulu neziphikisanayo emlandweni wemicabango yanamuhla. Uyaziwa ngokugxeka kwakhe okuqinile izisekelo zokuziphatha kwaseNtshonalanga—ikakhulukazi ukuziphatha kobuKristu kanye nefa lefilosofi yokuziphatha egcizelela umthwalo wemfanelo, ukulingana, nokuzithiba njengezimfanelo eziphakeme kakhulu. KuNietzsche, ukuziphatha okuvelele eYurophu yanamuhla akuyona into… Funda kabanzi
I-Pragmatism kanye ne-Theory of Truth I-Pragmatism ingenye yezikole zefilosofi ezinethonya kakhulu emasikweni esimanje okucabanga, ikakhulukazi e-United States. Ukugxila kwayo okuyinhloko akukhona ekufuneni iqiniso njengento "emsulwa" futhi ehlukanisiwe nokuphila, kodwa kunalokho endleleni imibono esebenza ngayo kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu. Ku-pragmatism, inani lomqondo livivinywa ngemiphumela yalo esebenzayo: ukuthi liyasiza yini... Funda kabanzi
Umbono Weqiniso Ku-Epistemology Isingeniso I-Epistemology iyigatsha lefilosofi elihlola ulwazi: ukuthi luyini, lutholakala kanjani, imikhawulo yalo, kanye nezinga elingalungiswa ngalo. Ngaphakathi kwe-epistemology, ingxoxo yeqiniso ithatha indawo ebalulekile, njengoba ulwazi ngokuvamile luqondwa njengenkolelo yeqiniso nefanele. Kodwa-ke, umbuzo othi "yini eyiqiniso?" awusiwo... Funda kabanzi