I-ARCHEOLOGY

Ukuphila Komuntu Esikhathini Se-Paleolithic I-Paleolithic, noma i-Old Stone Age, ingenye yezikhathi ezinde kakhulu emlandweni wesintu. Lesi sikhathi sahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, kudala ngaphambi kokuba abantu bazi ukubhala, ezolimo, noma ukusebenza ngensimbi. I-Paleolithic yanikeza isisekelo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwempucuko, njengoba kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi lapho abantu baqala khona ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokuphila eziyisisekelo: ukuzingela, ukuqoqa, ukuhlala ngamaqembu, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo... Funda kabanzi

Izinselele Zokuvubukula Kwangaphambi Komlando Kwanamuhla Ukuvubukula kwangaphambi komlando kuwumzamo wokuqonda impilo yabantu ngaphambi kokuba kube khona amarekhodi abhaliwe. Kusukela kumathuluzi amatshe alula nemidwebo yemihume kuya ezinsaleleni zokuhlala, kuya emithonjeni yokudla emazinyweni nasemathanjeni, konke kusebenza njengolimi "okufanele luhunyushwe ngabavubukuli. Kodwa-ke, ukungena enkathini yanamuhla—ngentuthuko esheshayo, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokunaka okwandayo ezindabeni zokuziphatha—ukuvubukula kwangaphambi komlando kubhekene nezinselele... Funda kabanzi

Ukuthuthukiswa Kocwaningo Lwezinto Eziphilayo Zangaphambi Komlando Izinto eziphila ngaphambi komlando ziyigatsha lezinto eziphila ngaphambi komlando eligxile empilweni yomuntu ngaphambi kwamarekhodi abhaliwe. Ngenxa yokuthi imibhalo yomlando ayitholakali, abacwaningi kumele "bafunde" okwedlule ngokusebenzisa imikhondo yezinto ezibonakalayo: amathuluzi amatshe, amathambo, izinsalela zokudla, imidwebo yemihume, izindawo zokuhlala, kanye namaphethini endawo. Ngokuhlanganisa lokhu okutholiwe nezindlela ezahlukene zesayensi, izinto eziphila ngaphambi komlando... Funda kabanzi

Isiko leNkathi Yamatshe Yase-Indonesia libhekisela esigabeni esibalulekile emlandweni wangaphambi komlando esaziwa ngokuthi iNkathi Yamatshe. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abantu babhekana noshintsho olukhulu endleleni yabo yokuphila: kusukela ekuthembeleni emvelweni (ukuzingela nokuqoqa) kuya endleleni yokuphila ezinzile ehilela ukulima nokufuya. Lolu shintsho lwalungekho… Funda kabanzi

Isiko Lase-Old Stone Age e-Indonesia Igama elithi isiko lase-Old Stone Age livame ukubhekisela enkathini yama-Paleolithic, isigaba sokuqala emlandweni wesintu lapho amathuluzi ayisisekelo ayenziwa ngamatshe alula. E-Indonesia, imikhondo yesiko lase-Old Stone Age inikeza ubufakazi obubalulekile bokuthi abantu bokuqala babephila kanjani, bazivumelanisa kanjani nendawo abahlala kuyo, futhi bathuthukisa izindlela zokusinda esikhathini eside ngaphambi… Funda kabanzi

Izindawo Zangaphambi Komlando Esiqhingini Sase-Indonesia Iziqhingi zase-Indonesia zinomlando omude wokuphila kwabantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo—isikhathi lapho abantu babengenalo khona ukubhala futhi ulwazi mayelana nokuphila lwalutholakala ngezinto zobuciko, izinsalela zasendulo, kanye nezinguquko zemvelo. Kusukela esiqongweni esisentshonalanga yeSumatra kuya esiqongweni esisempumalanga yePapua, izindawo eziningi zasendulo zibonisa ukuthi lesi siqhingi sasingeyona nje indlela yokufuduka yabantu bokuqala, kodwa futhi sasiyindawo… Funda kabanzi

I-Indonesia iyisifunda esibalulekile sokuqonda umlando wabantu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kanye nomhlaba wonke. Itholakala phakathi kwe-Asia ne-Australia, futhi yakhiwe yiziqhingi eziyizinkulungwane ezinezindawo ezahlukahlukene—izintaba, i-karst, amabhishi, namahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo—iyenza ibe “ilabhorethri yemvelo” yocwaningo lwezinto zakudala. Ngokusebenzisa izinto zakudala zakudala, abacwaningi bafuna ukwakha kabusha impilo yabantu… Funda kabanzi

Ukufanekisa Emasikweni Angaphambi Komlando Ukufanekisa kungenye yezihluthulelo zokuqonda abantu basendulo, yize ifa abalishiyayo lalivame ukungabhalwa. Uma kungekho marekhodi abhaliwe, izimpawu zivela ngemidwebo yemihume, izimo ezintweni zobuciko, amalungiselelo amatshe, amaphethini okungcwaba, ngisho nokukhetha izinto zokwakha nemibala. Izimpawu azigcini nje ngokuhlobisa; zingamelela imibono mayelana… Funda kabanzi

Ubuciko bangaphambi komlando empilweni yomuntu Ubuciko bangaphambi komlando bungenye yezindlela zokuqala zokuthi abantu babeqonda kanjani umhlaba, bakhe ubudlelwano bezenhlalo, futhi baveze okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwangaphakathi. Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba abantu basungule ukubhala, ubuciko babukhona "njengolimi" oluhlanganisa ulwazi, izinkolelo, kanye nobunikazi beqembu. Ngemidwebo yemihume, ukuqoshwa kwamatshe noma amathambo, izithombe ezincane, kanye... Funda kabanzi

Izinhlelo Zokukholelwa Zemiphakathi Yangaphambi Komlando Ngaphambi kokuba abantu bafunde ukubhala nokuthuthukisa imiphakathi enamarekhodi omlando ahlelekile, base bevele bethuthukise imibono yomhlaba: mayelana nokuphila nokufa, mayelana nemvelo, kanye namandla azwakalayo kodwa angabonwa njalo. Le mibono yomhlaba kamuva yathuthuka yaba izinhlelo zokukholelwa zemiphakathi yangaphambi komlando. Nakuba ubufakazi balokhu buvame ukuntuleka… Funda kabanzi