Indlela Yokulungiselela Isabelomali Sikahulumeni
Isabelomali Sikahulumeni (i-APBN) siyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuphatheni umnotho wezwe. E-Indonesia, i-APBN idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhleleni imali engenayo kanye nezindleko zikahulumeni, ibonakalisa izinto eziza kuqala kwenqubomgomo kanye namasu okuthuthukisa. Ukulungiselela i-APBN akuyona nje indaba yokubala izinombolo, kodwa inqubo yamasu ehilela amaqembu amaningi kanye nokucabangela izici ezahlukene zomnotho, ezenhlalo, kanye nezepolitiki. Lesi sihloko sichaza indlela yokulungiselela i-APBN e-Indonesia, kanye nezimiso nezigaba ezihilelekile kule nqubo.
Izimiso Zokulungiselela Isabelomali Sikahulumeni
Ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngezinqubo ngokuningiliziwe, kubalulekile ukuqonda izimiso eziningana eziyisisekelo ezisekela ukulungiswa kwe-APBN:
1. Ukuziphendulela Nokucaca: Uhulumeni kumele aqinisekise ukuthi ukuphathwa kwesabelomali sikahulumeni kuyaziphendulela emphakathini. Ukucaca ekulungiseleleni nasekusebenziseni isabelomali kubalulekile ekugcineni ukwethenjwa komphakathi.
2. Ukusebenza Kahle Nokusebenza Kahle: Isabelomali kumele sabelwe imisebenzi enikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu emphakathini ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu.
3. Okulinganiselayo: Nakuba empeleni kuvame ukwenzeka ukuntuleka kwesabelomali, isimiso sokulinganisela phakathi kwemali engenayo kanye nezindleko sihlala siyisiqondiso, ngenhloso yesikhathi eside yokufeza impilo yezezimali.
4. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo: Isabelomali sidinga ukulungiswa ngokuguquguquka okuthile ukuze siphendule ezimweni zomnotho kanye nezinguquko ezidingweni eziphuthumayo kulo lonke unyaka wesabelomali samanje.
5. Ukubamba iqhaza: Inqubo yokulungiselela i-APBN ihilela ukubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo okuvela kubabambiqhaza abahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ongqongqoshe/izikhungo, ohulumeni basekhaya, kanye nomphakathi.
Izigaba Zokulungiselela Isabelomali Sikahulumeni
Inqubo yokulungiselela i-APBN e-Indonesia ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana eziyinhloko:
1. Ukulungiswa koHlelo Lomsebenzi Kahulumeni (i-RKP)
Isigaba sokuqala sokulungiselela iSabelomali Sikahulumeni (i-APBN) siqala ngokulungiselela uhlelo lomsebenzi lukahulumeni (i-RKP). I-RKP iwumbhalo wokuhlela waminyaka yonke ochaza izinqubomgomo, izinhlelo, kanye nemisebenzi ezosetshenziswa uhulumeni onyakeni wezimali ohleliwe. Ngokusekelwe kuHlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwesikhathi Esimaphakathi Lukazwelonke (i-RPJMN) kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza konyaka odlule, i-RKP yakhiwe yiBappenas (i- National Development Planning Agency ) futhi yavunyelwa nguMongameli. I-RKP isebenza njengesisekelo sokulungiselela iNqubomgomo Yesabelomali Esijwayelekile kanye Nophahla Lwesabelomali Sesikhashana (i-KUA-PPAS).
2. Ukulungiswa kwe-KUA-PPAS
Ngokusekelwe ku-RKP, uhulumeni ulungiselela i-KUA-PPAS. Inqubomgomo Yesabelomali Esijwayelekile iyisiqondiso esichaza inqubomgomo yezimali , imigomo yemali engenayo, kanye nokubikezelwa kwezomnotho okukhulu konyaka wezimali ozayo. Okwamanje, i-Temporary Budget Priority Ceiling inquma imikhawulo ephezulu yokusebenzisa imali yomkhakha ngamunye wentuthuko. Le nqubo ihilela ukuxhumanisa phakathi koMnyango Wezezimali kanye neBappenas, kanye nombono ovela kwezinye izinsizakalo/izinhlangano.
3. Ukulungiswa Kwamanothi Ezezimali kanye Nesabelomali Sikahulumeni Esihleliwe
Ngemva kokuthi i-KUA-PPAS ivunyiwe, uMnyango Wezezimali ulungiselela i-Financial Note kanye ne-Draft State Budget (RAPBN). I-Financial Note ichaza inqubomgomo yezimali, izimo zomnotho, kanye nokuqagelwa kwesabelomali okuyisisekelo, kuyilapho i-RAPBN iqukethe izinhlelo ezinemininingwane yemali engenayo kanye nezindleko zikahulumeni. Kulesi sigaba, ongqongqoshe/izikhungo ziletha iziphakamiso zazo zesabelomali ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziza kuqala ezimisiwe kanye nomkhawulo wesabelomali.
4. Ingxoxo ngeSabelomali Sikahulumeni Esihlongozwayo ne-DPR
Uma selubhaliwe, uMongameli uthumela uhlaka lwesabelomali sikahulumeni (i-RAPBN) eNdlu Yabamele (i-DPR) ukuze kuxoxwe ngalo. Le nqubo ihilela izingxoxo ezijulile phakathi kwamakhomishini e-DPR nohulumeni. I-DPR izobuyekeza, inikeze uvo, futhi ingacela izinguquko kwisabelomali esihlongozwayo ngaphambi kokusivuma. Lezi zingxoxo ziphinde zicabangele uvo oluvela kuMkhandlu Omele Isifunda (i-DPD) mayelana nokwabiwa kwesabelomali kwezifunda.
5. Ukuqiniswa kweSabelomali Sikahulumeni
Ngemva kokuxoxisana okujulile nokufinyelela esivumelwaneni, iNdlu Yabamele (i-DPR) ivuma iSabelomali Esihlongozwayo Sesifundazwe (i-RAPBN) njengeSabelomali Sesifundazwe (i-APBN). Lesi sigaba sivame ukuqedwa ngasekupheleni konyaka wezimali odlule. Lokhu kulandelwa ukukhishwa koMthetho we-APBN, osebenza njengesisekelo esisemthethweni sokusetshenziswa kwesabelomali ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ukuqaliswa Nokugadwa Kwesabelomali Sikahulumeni
Uma iSabelomali Sikahulumeni (i-APBN) sesivunyiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwaso kuba umthwalo wemfanelo womnyango/isikhungo ngasinye kanye nohulumeni wesifunda. Kule nqubo, kunezindlela zokuqapha nokuhlola ezikhona ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isabelomali sisetshenziswa ngokohlelo futhi sihambisana nezinhlinzeko zomthetho. I-Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) kanye ne-Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP) badlala indima ekuqondiseni nasekuhloleni ukusetshenziswa kwesabelomali.
Ukwengamela kuhilela nokubamba iqhaza komphakathi, okukhuthazwa ngezindlela zokucaca kwesabelomali kanye nokuhlinzekwa kolwazi olutholakala kalula. Lokhu kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuziphendulela kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwesabelomali okuphumelelayo.
Izinselele Ekubhaleni Isabelomali Sikahulumeni
Ukulungiswa kwe-APBN kubhekene nezinselele ezahlukahlukene ezidinga ukunakwa okukhulu, okuhlanganisa:
– Ukubikezela okunembile kwezomnotho: Ukulungiselela ukubikezela okunembile kwezomnotho kuyinselele, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekene nezimo zomhlaba ezishintshashintshayo. Kudingeka ukubikezela okunembile ukuze kufezwe imigomo yemali engenayo kanye nezindleko ezingokoqobo.
– Ukuntuleka kwesabelomali: Ukuphatha nokunciphisa ukuntuleka kwesabelomali kuyinselele eqhubekayo. Uhulumeni kumele athole ibhalansi phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwemali yentuthuko okudingekayo kanye nekhono lakhe lokukhiqiza imali engenayo.
– Izinto eziza kuqala ngentuthuko: Uhulumeni udinga ukubeka izinto eziza kuqala ngokucacile ukuze afinyelele imigomo yentuthuko yesikhathi eside ngenkathi ebhekana nezinkinga zesikhathi esifushane nesesikhathini esiphakathi.
– Ukwahlukaniswa kwezimali: Ngokwesimo sokuzimela kwesifunda, ukuqinisekisa ukwabiwa kwesabelomali okufanelekile nokuphumelelayo kwezifunda kuyinselele ngokwayo.
Isiphetho
Ukulungiswa kweSabelomali Sikazwelonke (i-APBN) kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ehilela abalingisi abahlukahlukene futhi ecabangela izici eziningi. Njengoba inendima yayo ehlelekile ekuphatheni umnotho wezwe , kubalulekile ukuthi wonke amaqembu—kusukela kuhulumeni, isishayamthetho, kuya emphakathini—ahlanganyele ngenkuthalo kuzo zonke izigaba zokulungiselela kwayo. Izindlela ezisobala nezinomthwalo wemfanelo, kanye nokuqapha okusebenzayo, ziyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi lesi sabelo-mali sisetshenziswa ngempela ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yomphakathi kanye nentuthuko esimeme e-Indonesia.
