I-Biologi

Ubuchwepheshe Bezinto Eziphilayo kanye Nezengqondo Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe emashumini eminyaka amuva nje iye yafiphaza imingcele phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezengqondo. Nakuba izinto eziphilayo zaziqondakala ngokuyinhloko njengokutadisha umzimba—amangqamuzana, izitho zomzimba, nezakhi zofuzo—kuyilapho isayensi yezengqondo yayibhekwa njengokutadisha ingqondo nokuziphatha, lokhu kokubili manje kuhlangana ekuxhumaneni okukhiqiza kakhulu: ubuchwepheshe. Ubuchwepheshe bezemvelo kanye nobezengqondo bunikeza izindlela ezintsha… Funda kabanzi

Izinzuzo Zezilwane Ezifuywayo Zenhlalakahle Yabantu Izilwane ezifuywayo bezilokhu ziyingxenye yokuphila kwabantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Kusukela kumakati anikeza ubungane ekhaya, kuya ezinjeni ezithembekile ezinikeza isivikelo, kuya ezinhlanzini noma ezinyonini ezinikeza indawo enokuthula, ukuba khona kwezilwane ezifuywayo ngokuvamile kungaphezu nje kokuzijabulisa. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi izimpilo zabo ziyafudumala, zihleleke kakhudlwana, futhi zinenjongo kakhudlwana… Funda kabanzi

Imiphumela Yokushiswa Kwemisebe Ku-Physiology Yezilwane Ukushiswa kwemisebe kuyisici semvelo esingathinta izimpilo zezinto eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa nezilwane. Ngokomongo webhayoloji, ukushiswa kwemisebe kuqondakala njengamandla akhishwa ngesimo samagagasi noma izinhlayiya. Ukuba khona kwemisebe emvelweni akuhlali kulimaza; ukushiswa kwemisebe yemvelo kuvela emisebeni yendawo yonke, emadwaleni, enhlabathini, nasezintweni ezithile ezikhipha imisebe. Kodwa-ke, lapho... Funda kabanzi

Izinhlelo zokuhamba ezinhlotsheni ezingenamgogodla Izinhlelo zokuhamba ziyizindlela ezisetshenziswa izinto eziphilayo ukuhambisa izinto ezibalulekile—njenge-oxygen, i-carbon dioxide, izakhamzimba, ama-hormone, kanye nokungcola kwe-metabolic—kusuka engxenyeni ethile yomzimba kuya kwenye. Ezilwaneni ezingenamgogodla (izilwane ezingenamgogodla), izinhlelo zokuhamba ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, kusukela ezinhlelweni ezilula kakhulu ezingenazo izitho ezikhethekile kuya ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi… Funda kabanzi

I-Alpine Forest Ecology kanye Nokuphila Amahlathi ase-Alpine awuhlobo lwe-ecosystem yezintaba eyakheka ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, ngokuvamile eduze noma ngaphansi komugqa wesihlahla—indawo lapho izimo zemvelo ziba zimbi kakhulu ukuze kukhule kahle izihlahla. Lezi zindawo zemvelo zivame ukungaqondwa kahle njengezithule, kodwa empeleni, amahlathi... Funda kabanzi

Ubuchwepheshe Bezinto Eziphilayo Nokudla Ubuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo nokudla buyinsimu eqhubeka nokuthuthuka kanye nesidingo sabantu esikhulayo sokudla okuphephile, okunomsoco, okungabizi, nokunobungani nemvelo. Phakathi kokukhula kwabantu emhlabeni wonke, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, kanye nomhlaba olinganiselwe, ukusungula izinto ezintsha emkhakheni wokudla kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina ukuvikeleka kokudla. Ubuchwepheshe bezinto eziphilayo—obusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo, amaseli, ama-enzyme, kanye nezinqubo… Funda kabanzi

Izinzuzo Zamagciwane Ekukhiqizweni Kokudla Amagciwane ayizinto ezincane eziphilayo, njengebhaktheriya, imvubelo, kanye nesikhunta, ezingabonakali ngeso lenyama. Nakuba zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezifo, amagciwane amaningi empeleni anikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile kubantu, ikakhulukazi embonini yokudla. Ekukhiqizweni kokudla, amagciwane adlala indima ebalulekile ngezinqubo zokubilisa, … Funda kabanzi

Ithonya Lezinto Zemvelo Ekuphefumuleni Kwezitshalo Ukuphefumula kwezitshalo kuyinqubo ebalulekile yomzimba evumela izitshalo ukuthi zithole amandla emisebenzi eyahlukahlukene yokuphila, njengokukhula, ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli, ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba, ukunyakaza kwezinto ezingaphakathi kwezicubu, kanye nokulungiswa komonakalo wamaseli. Ngokungafani ne-photosynthesis, ekhiqiza amandla amakhemikhali ngesimo se-glucose ngosizo lokukhanya, ukuphefumula kuqeda amakhemikhali e-organic... Funda kabanzi

Inqubo Yokuphefumula Ezintweni Ezincane Ukuphefumula kuyinqubo ebalulekile yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo ukuze zithole amandla. Ezintweni ezincane—njengamabhaktheriya, isikhunta esincane kakhulu, kanye ne-protozoa—ukuphefumula kuyisihluthulelo sokusinda, ukukhula, ukuzala, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kusukela enhlabathini namanzi kuya emizimbeni ephilayo, kuya ezindaweni ezibucayi njengemigodi yezintaba-mlilo noma phansi kolwandle. Naphezu kobukhulu bazo obuncane kakhulu, izinto ezincane… Funda kabanzi

I-Ecology Yehlathi Lesibili Nokuphila Kwalo Amahlathi esibili angamahlathi akhula emuva ngemva kokuba ihlathi lokuqala (eliyinhloko) libhekane nokuphazamiseka okukhulu, njengokugawulwa kwemithi, umlilo, ukutshalwa kwezitshalo okushintshashintshayo, iziphepho, noma ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda. Nakuba ngokuvamile kubhekwa “njengelingenamsebenzi kangako” kunamahlathi ayinhloko, amahlathi esibili adlala indima ebalulekile emvelweni. Angukubonakaliswa kwekhono lemvelo lokululama—ilabhorethri yemvelo lapho… Funda kabanzi