Incazelo ye-BUMN
Ama-State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) yizinhlangano zebhizinisi eziphethwe futhi ziphethwe nguhulumeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhulumeni uphethe iningi lamasheya, uma kungewona wonke, kulezi zinhlangano. Emazweni amaningi, kufaka phakathi i-Indonesia, ama-SOE adlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wasekhaya. Lesi sihloko sizogxila kakhulu encazelweni, emsebenzini, kanye nendima yama-SOE emnothweni wezwe, kanye nezinselele ezahlukahlukene abhekene nazo.
Incazelo ye-BUMN
Ngokuvamile, ibhizinisi eliphethwe nguhulumeni (i-SOE) lingachazwa njengebhizinisi lapho uhulumeni ephethe khona ukulawula okugcwele noma okuningi. E-Indonesia, incazelo ye-SOE ilawulwa nguMthetho Nombolo 19 ka-2003 ophathelene namabhizinisi aphethwe nguhulumeni. Ngokwalo mthetho, i-SOE yibhizinisi elinemali yalo ephelele noma ngokuyinhloko ephethwe nguhulumeni ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile okuvela ezimpahleni zikahulumeni ezihlukanisiwe.
Amabhizinisi aphethwe nguhulumeni (ama-SOE) akhona ngezindlela eziningana ngokusekelwe kubunikazi bemali kanye nokuphathwa kwayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi Izinkampani Zomphakathi (i-Perum), eziphethwe nguhulumeni ngokuphelele, kanye Nezinkampani Ezinesibopho Esilinganiselwe (i-Persero), imali yazo ehlukaniswe ngamasheya, ikakhulukazi noma aphethwe nguhulumeni ngokuphelele. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo inezici nemiyalelo ehlukile yokwenza imisebenzi yayo yebhizinisi.
Imigomo kanye Nemisebenzi Yamabhizinisi Aphethwe Nguhulumeni
Amabhizinisi kahulumeni (ama-SOE) anezinhloso eziningana eziyinhloko ekusebenzeni kwawo. Enye yezinhloso zawo eziyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngempumelelo izimpahla nezinsizakalo ezinganikezwa yimboni ezizimele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-SOE adlala indima ekugcineni imisebenzi, ukukhuthaza intuthuko yezomnotho, kanye nokusebenza njengomthombo obalulekile wemali engenayo kahulumeni ngokusatshalaliswa kwezabelo kanye nezintela.
Imisebenzi ye-BUMN ingachazwa kabanzi kanje:
1. Ukuhlinzekwa Kwezimpahla Nezinsizakalo Zomphakathi: Amabhizinisi kahulumeni avame ukuba nesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngezimpahla nezinsizakalo zomphakathi, njengezokuthutha, amandla, amanzi, kanye nezinsizakalo zeposi, okungase kungabi nomthelela omkhulu kwezomnotho emkhakheni ozimele. Lezi zinsizakalo zivame ukusebenza njengezidingo zomphakathi eziyisisekelo futhi kumele zitholakale ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo.
2. Isiqinisi Somnotho: Ezimweni ezithile, amabhizinisi kahulumeni nawo asebenza njengeziqinisi zomnotho ngokulinganisela ukusatshalaliswa kwezinsiza ezweni lonke. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukubandakanyeka kumaphrojekthi amakhulu kahulumeni agxile ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezikude.
3. Ukukhiqiza Inzuzo Yombuso: Ngaphezu kokufeza imisebenzi yezenhlalo nezomnotho, ama-SOE kulindeleke ukuthi akhiqize inzuzo engasetshenziswa ukusekela isabelomali sikahulumeni. Inzuzo yama-SOE ingavela ezinzuzweni noma ezinteleni ezikhokhwa emnyangweni kahulumeni.
Indima Yamabhizinisi Aphethwe Nguhulumeni Emnothweni Kazwelonke
Amabhizinisi kahulumeni (ama-SOE) adlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wezwe, okuhlanganisa nokukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho, ukuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi, kanye nokusekela ukuzinza komnotho. Nansi imininingwane:
1. Abashayeli Bokukhula Komnotho: Ngokuzibandakanya emikhakheni eyahlukene yamasu njengamandla, ezokuxhumana, kanye nezokuthutha, amabhizinisi kahulumeni (ama-SOE) anamandla okuthuthukisa ukukhula komnotho. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda yama-SOE kuvame ukuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kweminye imikhakha ehilela umkhakha ozimele, okudala uchungechunge lwezomnotho oluqhubekayo.
2. Ukudalwa Kwemisebenzi: Njengoba izinkampani ezinkulu zivame ukusebenza ezifundeni ezahlukene, amabhizinisi kahulumeni (ama-SOE) ahlinzeka ngemisebenzi yezigidi zabantu. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukungasebenzi kodwa futhi kwandisa amakhono abasebenzi bezwe lonke ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezahlukene zokuqeqesha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinsizakusebenza zabantu.
3. Ukusekela Ukuzinza Komnotho: Ezimweni zenkinga yezomnotho, ama-SOE angasebenza njengomsekeli wokuzinza komnotho ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokungenelela kanye nezinhlelo ezenzelwe ukugcina ukuqhubeka kokusebenza kanye nenhlalakahle yomphakathi.
Izinselele Ezibhekene Nezinkampani Eziphethwe Nguhulumeni
Naphezu kwezindima nemisebenzi yazo eyahlukahlukene, ama-SOE abhekene nezinselelo eziningana. Ezinye zalezi zinkinga zifaka:
1. Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kokusebenza: Amabhizinisi amaningi kahulumeni abhekene nezinkinga zokungasebenzi kahle, okubangelwa kakhulu yizinqubomgomo eziqinile, ukuphathwa okungenabo ubungcweti, kanye nethonya lezepolitiki elivame ukunganaki izimiso zezentengiselwano ekuphathweni kwenkampani.
2. Ukuncintisana Komhlaba Wonke: Esikhathini somhlaba wonke, amabhizinisi kahulumeni (ama-SOE) abhekene nokuncintisana okukhulu komhlaba wonke, kokubili okuvela ezinkampanini zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinkampani zasekhaya ezisheshayo. Ama-SOE kumele aqhubeke nokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwawo ukuze ahlale efanele futhi asebenze kahle.
3. Ukwamukelwa Kobuchwepheshe: Amabhizinisi kahulumeni (ama-SOE) kudingeka azivumelanise nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe esheshayo ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza kahle, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nenkonzo yamakhasimende. Le nselele idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kanye nezinguquko ezinselele zamasiko omsebenzi.
4. Ukucaca Nokuphatha: Amabhizinisi kahulumeni (ama-SOE) avame ukuhlolisiswa maqondana nezindaba zokucaca kanye nokuphatha okuhle. Lokhu kuletha inselele ekufezeni imisebenzi ephendulayo ngokuvumelana nezimiso zokuphatha okuhle kwezinkampani kanye nokuthola ukwethenjwa komphakathi.
I-Penutup
Amabhizinisi kahulumeni (ama-SOE) ayithuluzi elibalulekile kuhulumeni ekuqhubekiseni umnotho nokusabalalisa ingcebo emphakathini. Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselele ezahlukahlukene, ngokuphathwa okungcono namasu okuzivumelanisa nezimo, ama-SOE angasebenza kahle futhi abe negalelo elikhulu entuthukweni kazwelonke. Ukuqhubekela phambili, ukuguqulwa okuya kuma-SOE esimanje futhi asebenzayo kumele kuqhubeke nokukhuthazwa ukubhekana nalezi zinselele eziguquguqukayo.
