Incazelo ye-BUMD: Amabhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda
I-Pendahuluan
AmaBhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda, noma ama-BUMD, ayithuluzi elibalulekile ekuphathweni komnotho wesifunda e-Indonesia. Ama-BUMD asungulwa ohulumeni basekhaya ngenhloso yokusekela intuthuko yesifunda ngokuthuthukisa umnotho kanye nezinsizakalo zomphakathi, kanye nokufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwezwe lonke. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ngokucophelela incazelo, umsebenzi, indima, kanye nezinselele ama-BUMD abhekene nazo e-Indonesia.
Incazelo ye-BUMD
Ibhizinisi eliphethwe yisifunda (i-BUMD) yibhizinisi elinamasheya alo aphethwe ngokuphelele noma ikakhulukazi uhulumeni wendawo. Ukuba khona kwe-BUMD kulawulwa yimithetho nemithethonqubo yesifunda eqondisa ukwakheka nokuphathwa kwaleli bhizinisi. Ama-BUMD asungulwa ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo zomnotho nezenhlalo esifundeni futhi asebenze njengethuluzi likahulumeni wendawo lokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezinsizakalo emphakathini.
Ngokuvamile, izinhloso eziyinhloko zokusungula i-BUMD yilezi:
1. Khuthaza ukukhula komnotho wesifunda.
2. Ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zomphakathi.
3. Ukuphatha kahle izinsiza zemvelo nezezezimali zesifunda.
4. Nikeza amathuba emisebenzi emiphakathini yendawo.
Imisebenzi ye-BUMD
Amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (i-BUMD) anemisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile esekela indima yawo njengabashayeli bomnotho wesifunda. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa:
1. Intuthuko Yezomnotho Yesifunda
Amabhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda (i-BUMD) adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqhubekiseleni phambili intuthuko yomnotho wesifunda. Ngemisebenzi eyahlukene yezomnotho, ama-BUMD angakhuphula i-GDP yesifunda, adonsele utshalomali, futhi akhulise umkhakha webhizinisi lendawo. Isibonelo, ama-BUMD asebenza emkhakheni wengqalasizinda angasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuxhumana nokukhuthaza intuthuko yomnotho ezindaweni ezikude.
2. Ukuhlinzekwa Kwezinsizakalo Zomphakathi
Njengokwelulwa kukahulumeni wendawo, amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (i-BUMD) nawo anesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zomphakathi ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Isibonelo, ama-BUMD emkhakheni wezokuthutha anesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngezokuthutha zomphakathi eziphephile nezingabizi. Ama-BUMD angasebenza nakweminye imikhakha, njengamanzi ahlanzekile, izindlu, kanye namandla.
3. Ukuphathwa Kwezinsiza Zesifunda
Amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (i-BUMD) adlala indima ebalulekile ekuphathweni kwezinsizakusebenza zesifunda. Angaqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphathwa kwezinsizakusebenza zemvelo kwenziwa ngendlela eqhubekayo futhi kuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu kubahlali bendawo. Isibonelo, ama-BUMD emkhakheni wezolimo namahlathi angadlala indima ebalulekile ekuphathweni komhlaba namahlathi esifunda.
4. Ukuthuthukisa Imali Engenayo Yesifunda Yokuqala
Njengezinhlangano zomnotho, amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (i-BUMD) kulindeleke ukuthi anikele ngenzuzo kohulumeni basekhaya ngesimo seRegional Original Revenue (i-PAD). Lo mnikelo ubalulekile ngoba ungasetshenziswa ukuxhasa intuthuko yesifunda nokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yomphakathi.
Indima ye-BUMD Emnothweni
Amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (i-BUMD) adlala indima ebalulekile phakathi kwabathintekayo kwezomnotho abahlukahlukene. Ngokubambisana nomkhakha ozimele kanye nemiphakathi, ama-BUMD angandisa izimakethe futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle. Nazi ezinye zezindima ezibalulekile zama-BUMD emnothweni:
1. I-Locomotive Yentuthuko Yendawo
Ngokugxila kakhulu esifundeni, amabhizinisi aphethwe yisifunda (i-BUMD) angaba yimbangela yokuthuthukiswa kwendawo. Isibonelo, ama-BUMD emkhakheni wezokuvakasha angathuthukisa izindawo zasendaweni ukuze ahehe izivakashi futhi athuthukise umsebenzi wezomnotho.
2. Umhlinzeki Wemisebenzi
Amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (i-BUMD) nawo asebenza njengabahlinzeki bemisebenzi ezifundeni. Ngokunikeza imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene, ama-BUMD angasiza ekunciphiseni ukungasebenzi nokwandisa imali engenayo yendawo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezifundeni ezingakathuthuki kahle kwezomnotho.
3. Ukubambisana Nomkhakha Ozimele
Ngokubambisana nomkhakha ozimele, amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (i-BUMD) angasheshisa intuthuko kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi. Lokhu kubambisana komphakathi nezinkampani ezizimele kuvumela ukwabelana ngezingozi nezinsizakusebenza, okuvumela amaphrojekthi adinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ukuthi aqaliswe ngempumelelo enkulu.
Izinselele Ezibhekene Namabhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda
Naphezu kwamandla abo amakhulu okuthuthukisa intuthuko yesifunda, amabhizinisi aphethwe yisifunda (ama-BUMD) abhekene nezinselelo ezahlukahlukene ezingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwawo. Ezinye zezinselelo ezinkulu zifaka:
1. Ukuphathwa Okungafanele
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ezibhekene namabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (i-BUMD) ukuntuleka kokusebenza kahle kokuphatha. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa yizinqubomgomo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuphathwa okungenabo ubuchwepheshe, kanye nokuntuleka kokusungula izinto ezintsha ezinqubweni zebhizinisi.
2. Imali Elinganiselwe
Amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (i-BUMD) avame ukubhekana nemali encane yokukhulisa amabhizinisi awo. Ukuthembela ekuxhasweni ngemali okuvela kohulumeni bezifunda abanezabelomali ezincane kunganciphisa ikhono labo lokukhula nokuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha.
3. Ithonya Lezepolitiki
Njengamabhizinisi kahulumeni (i-BUMD), amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (i-BUMD) nawo angaphansi kwethonya lezepolitiki. Izinqumo zamasu zivame ukuthonywa yizintshisekelo ezithile zezepolitiki, ezingathinta kabi ukusebenza kanye nokuzimela kwama-BUMD.
4. Ukuncintisana Nomkhakha Ozimele
Amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (ama-BUMD) kumele futhi ancintisane nezinkampani ezizimele, ezivame ukuba lula futhi zisebenza kahle. Lo mncintiswano udinga isu elifanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-BUMD ayasinda futhi ahlala efanele emakethe.
Isiphetho
Amabhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda (i-BUMD) ayizinto ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi ezingeni lesifunda. Ngama-BUMD, ohulumeni basekhaya bangakhulisa amandla omnotho wendawo, badale imisebenzi, futhi baphathe izinsiza ngendlela eqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze bafeze leli thuba, ama-BUMD kumele anqobe izinselele ezifana nokuphathwa okungasebenzi kahle, imali elinganiselwe, kanye nethonya lezepolitiki.
Ngokusetshenziswa kwezinqubomgomo ezifanele kanye nokuphathwa kobungcweti, amabhizinisi aphethwe yisifunda (i-BUMD) angaba yinsika eqinile yentuthuko yesifunda, athuthukise inhlalakahle yomphakathi, futhi anikele emnothweni wezwe. Kudingeka imizamo eqhubekayo yokuthuthukisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-BUMD awawona nje amathuluzi ezomnotho kodwa futhi ayizithunywa zoshintsho lomphakathi ezithinta kahle imvelo ezungezile.
