Izinhlobo Zamabhizinisi Aphethwe Ngabodwa (i-BUMS)
AmaBhizinisi Aphethwe Ngabanye (i-BUMS) abhekisela ezinkampanini noma ezinhlanganweni zebhizinisi eziphethwe yizinhlangano ezizimele, hhayi uhulumeni. Lezi zinhlobo zamabhizinisi zidlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wezwe, zinegalelo ngqo kumkhiqizo wasekhaya (i-GDP), zidala imisebenzi, futhi ziqhuba ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokusebenza kahle emikhakheni eyahlukene yezimboni.
Ama-BUMS adlala indima ekwandiseni ukuncintisana emakethe ngokuletha ubuchwepheshe nezinsizakalo ezintsha. Ayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, akwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezinguquko zemakethe, futhi avame ukuqhubekisela phambili ukukhula komnotho ngokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nentuthuko yezimboni.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-BUMS ezitholakala emikhakheni eyahlukene. Nansi incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobo ze-BUMS ezaziwayo:
1. Inkampani Enesibopho Esilinganiselwe (i-PT)
Inkampani Enesibopho Esilinganiselwe (i-PT) yibhizinisi elinemali ehlukaniswe ngamasheya, futhi umthwalo wabanikazi bamasheya unqunyelwe enanini lamasheya abanawo. I-PT ingaba yi-Closed PT, amasheya ayo angathengiswa esidlangalaleni ku-stock exchange, noma i-Open PT, amasheya ayo angathengiswa ku-stock exchange.
Izinzuzo ze-PT zifaka phakathi ukulula kokuqoqa imali ngokuthengiswa kwamasheya, ingozi encane yokulahlekelwa, kanye nethuba lokukhula libe yinkampani yomphakathi. Kodwa-ke, ukuphatha i-PT kungaba nzima kakhulu futhi kudinga ukuhambisana nemithetho eminingi.
2. Iqinile (Fa)
Ubambiswano luyibhizinisi elisungulwe ngabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu abanemithwalo yemfanelo ehlanganyelwe kanye neminingana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abasunguli banomthwalo wemfanelo ophelele wazo zonke izimpahla zabo kanye nezikweletu ezivela emisebenzini yebhizinisi.
Inzuzo yokubambisana ukuthi kulula ukwakheka nokuphathwa uma kuqhathaniswa nenkampani enesibopho esilinganiselwe (PT). Kodwa-ke, izingozi zomuntu siqu zikhulu ngoba isikweletu senkampani singathinta ingcebo yabanikazi.
3. Ubambiswano Olulinganiselwe (i-CV)
Ubambiswano Olulinganiselwe noma i-Commandaire Vennootschap (CV) uhlobo lokubambisana kwebhizinisi phakathi kwamaqembu amabili: umlingani osebenzayo ophatha inkampani futhi onesibopho ngokugcwele, kanye nomlingani ongenzi lutho ohlinzeka ngemali kodwa engahilelekile ekuphathweni futhi onesibopho esilinganiselwe emalini enikelwe.
I-CV ifanele amabhizinisi amancane kuya kwaphakathi, kanti izinzuzo eziyinhloko ziwukulula kokwakheka kanye nokuguquguquka ekuphatheni ibhizinisi. Umkhawulo we-CV ukuthi umlingani osebenzayo ubhekene nengozi enkulu ngoba uthatha umthwalo wemfanelo ophelele wezibopho zenkampani.
4. Ukubambisana
I-cooperative uhlobo lwebhizinisi eliphethwe ngumphakathi (i-BUMS) eliphethwe futhi liqhutshwa yiqembu labantu ukuze kuzuze umphakathi. Umgomo we-cooperative ukuthi ingamalungu ayo, ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yawo.
Izinzuzo zama-cooperative zifaka phakathi izindleko zokusebenza eziphansi kanye nenzuzo enikezwa amalungu, hhayi ngokwezimali kuphela kodwa nakwezinye izindlela ezifana nezaphulelo. Imikhawulo yama-cooperative ivame ukubangelwa ukuntuleka kwemali yokwandisa kanye nezinselele ezivamile zokuphathwa kobungcweti.
5. Ibhizinisi Lokuhweba (UD)
Ibhizinisi lokuhweba (i-UD) uhlobo lwebhizinisi oluphethwe ngumuntu. I-UD ayinayo inhlangano esemthethweni ehlukile, ngakho-ke zonke izimpahla nezikweletu kungumthwalo wemfanelo womnikazi webhizinisi kuphela.
Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-UD ukuthi izinqubomgomo zamasu nezinqumo kungenziwa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokudinga imvume evela kwabanye abantu, njengoba umnikazi webhizinisi egcina ukulawula okugcwele. Kodwa-ke, zonke izingozi zebhizinisi, okuhlanganisa nokulahlekelwa, zingumthwalo wemfanelo womnikazi.
6. Joint Venture
I-joint venture iwuhlobo lokubambisana phakathi kwezinkampani ezahlukene, zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe, ukuze kufezwe izinzuzo ezihambisanayo futhi kwandiswe ukufinyelela emakethe. Izinkampani ezihilelekile ngokuvamile ziyaphelelisana ngolwazi noma amandla emakethe.
Izinzuzo zebhizinisi elihlanganyelwe zifaka phakathi ingozi ehlanganyelwe, ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganyelwe, kanye nezinsizakusebenza. Kodwa-ke, inselele yalolu hlobo ukuxhumanisa phakathi kwamaqembu anamasiko noma ubuzwe obuhlukene bezinkampani.
7. I-franchise
I-franchise iyimodeli yebhizinisi lapho umnikazi webhizinisi (umnikazi we-franchise) enikeza khona ilungelo kwelinye iqembu (umnikazi we-franchise) lokuqhuba ibhizinisi elinomkhiqizo kanye nohlelo olufanayo nomnikazi we-franchise.
Inzuzo yokusebenzisa i-franchise ukusekelwa okugcwele komnikezeli we-franchise ekuqeqeshweni, ukumaketha, kanye nokuthengwa kwezimpahla. Izingozi zebhizinisi ziyancipha ngenxa yemodeli yebhizinisi eqinisekisiwe. Kodwa-ke, abanikazi be-franchise kumele bahambisane nezinqubomgomo zomnikezeli we-franchise, futhi izindleko zokuqala zivame ukuba phezulu kunokuqala ibhizinisi kusukela ekuqaleni.
8. Ukuqalisa
Ibhizinisi elisha liwuhlobo olusha lwebhizinisi eliphethwe ngasese (i-BUMS) elisebenza ngemodeli yebhizinisi entsha, evame ukusekelwe kubuchwepheshe bolwazi. Ukugxila kwabo okuyinhloko ukukhula okusheshayo kanye nokukhula.
Inzuzo yamabhizinisi amasha ukuthi ayakwazi ukushintshashintsha indlela asebenza ngayo, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo okungazinzile, amabhizinisi amasha abhekene nengozi enkulu yokuhluleka.
Indima Yama-BUMS Emnothweni
Amabhizinisi aphethwe ngabazimele (i-BUMS) asebenza njengabaqhubi bokukhula komnotho ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwawo kokusebenza kanye nekhono lokuzivumelanisa nezinguquko zemakethe. Izinto ezintsha ezisetshenziswa yi-BUMS zivame ukuqhubekisela phambili intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenza kahle, okungaphindaphindwa eminye imikhakha.
Ohulumeni emazweni ahlukahlukene bavame ukunikeza izikhuthazo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-BUMS, njengokunciphisa intela noma ukunciphisa imithetho, ukuze kukhuthazwe ukutshalwa kwezimali nokudala imisebenzi eminingi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-BUMS idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinsizakusebenza zabantu ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuqeqesha nokuthuthukisa abasebenzi.
Izinselele Ezibhekene Ne-BUMS
Naphezu kokubaluleka kwazo, i-BUMS ibhekene nezinselele ezahlukahlukene njengokuncintisana okukhulu, izinguquko zomthetho, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwemakethe yomhlaba wonke. Ukuze iphile futhi ichume, i-BUMS kumele igxile ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha, ukumaketha, kanye nokusabalalisa imikhiqizo noma izinsizakalo zayo.
Impumelelo ye-BUMS incike kakhulu emasu okuphatha kanye nebhizinisi asetshenziswayo, kusukela kwezezimali kanye nokusebenza kuya ekuphathweni kwezingozi. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwesu lebhizinisi elifanele kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kubalulekile ukuze i-BUMS ichume phakathi kokuncintisana komhlaba wonke.
Sekukonke, naphezu kokubhekana nezinselele ezahlukahlukene, ama-BUMS asalokhu eyingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho womhlaba. Njengoba enekhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi esungula izinto ezintsha, ama-BUMS adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukukhula komnotho kanye nentuthuko yomphakathi.
