Pesvedzero yeGirisi Yekare Panyika Yemazuva Ano
VaGiriki vekare vagara vachizivikanwa nekupa kwavo zvinhu zvitsva mumabasa ehunyanzvi, ekuvaka, euzivi, ezvematongerwo enyika, sainzi, nemitambo, vachipesvedzera zvikuru kukura kwetsika dzekuMadokero. Nhaka dzezvavakaita dzichiri kuoneka mumativi akasiyana-siyana ehupenyu hwemazuva ano. Chinyorwa chino chine chinangwa chekuongorora nzira dzakasiyana-siyana idzo tsika dzekare dzechiGiriki dzakasiya chiratidzo chadzo chisingakanganwiki panyika yemazuva ano.
Uzivi nepfungwa
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha uye zvinogara kwenguva refu zveGirisi Yekare chiri muhuzivi. Mabasa aSocrates, Plato, naAristotle akabatsira zvikuru mukuumba mafungiro ekumadokero. Socrates akatanga nzira yeSocratic, rudzi rwekukurukurirana kunosanganisira kubvunza nekupindura mibvunzo yekukurudzira kufunga kwakadzama uye kujekesa pfungwa. Nzira iyi haina kungoisa hwaro hwenzira yesainzi chete asiwo inoramba ichishandiswa munzvimbo dzedzidzo dzemazuva ano kukurudzira kudzidza kunodyidzana uye kugadzirisa matambudziko.
Plato, mudzidzi waSocrates, akatanga Academy muAthens, iyo yaiva nzvimbo yekutanga yedzidzo yepamusoro munyika yekumadokero. Mabasa ake, kunyanya "The Republic," ave nemhedzisiro inogara iripo padzidziso dzezvematongerwo enyika, tsika, uye metaphysics. Aristotle, mudzidzi waPlato, akapa mipiro yekutanga muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira logic, metaphysics, biology, uye tsika. Basa rake "Nicomachean Ethics" richiri gwaro guru mumunda wehuzivi hwetsika.
Zvematongerwo enyika neKutonga
Pfungwa yedemocracy, sezvinoitwa nhasi, inobva kuAtene yekare. Kunyangwe democracy yeAtene yaingogumira kuvanhurume vakazvarwa vakasununguka, misimboti yayo yakafuridzira maitiro edemocracy emazuva ano pasi rose. Pfungwa yekuti vagari vave nekutaura muhurumende, kukosha kwekutora chikamu kwevanhu, uye pfungwa yekururamisira kwakaenzana pasi pemutemo zvese zvinobva mutsika yedemocracy yeAtene.
Pamusoro pezvo, maGiriki akatanga pfungwa yekupatsanurwa kwemasimba, iyo yakazotsanangurwa gare gare nevafungi veEnlightenment vakaita saMontesquieu. Kupatsanurwa uku kwehurumende kuita mapazi akasiyana kudzivirira hudzvanyiriri kwakaitwa munyika dzakawanda dzemazuva ano, zvichiratidzwa neBumbiro reMitemo reUnited States.
Hunyanzvi neMabhuku
Tsika dzekare dzechiGiriki dzakapesvedzera zvikuru hunyanzvi hwemazuva ano nemabhuku. Njodzi nemitambo yekusetsa yechiGiriki, yakanyorwa nevanyori vemitambo vakaita saAeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, naAristophanes, zvichiri kuenderera mberi nekuitwa uye kugadziriswa. Kuongorora kwavo hunhu hwevanhu, mugumo, uye tsika kuchiri kukosha, zvichiratidza kusaguma kwenguva kwenyaya dzavo.
Uyezve, mabhuku echiGiriki, kuburikidza nenhetembo dzekare dzakadai se "Iliad" na "Odyssey" dzaHomer, dzakaisa zviyero zvemaumbirwo enyaya uye kukura kwehunhu. Ngano idzi dzekare dzakafuridzira vanyori nevadetembi vasingaverengeki, zvichiumba hwaro hwetsika dzemabhuku ekuMadokero.
Zvivezwa nemifananidzo zvechiGiriki zvakasiyawo nhaka inogara kwenguva refu. Kusimbiswa kwechokwadi uye chiyero muunyanzvi hwechiGiriki kwakapesvedzera vaimbi vakawanda munhoroondo yese, kubva kuRenaissance kusvika munguva dzemazuva ano. Kushandiswa kwemaonero, kuratidzwa kwemuviri wemunhu, uye kutsvaga runako rwakakodzera muunyanzvi hwechiGiriki kwakafanana nemazana emakore ekuedza kweunyanzvi.
Kuferefeta kweSainzi neMasvomhu
Kusimbiswa kwekutarisa, kuedza, uye kunzwisisa kunoratidza sainzi yechiGiriki kwakagadzira hwaro hwekuferefeta kwesainzi yemazuva ano. Vanhu vakaita saHippocrates, vanowanzonzi 'Baba veMishonga,' vakatsvaga kunzwisisa zvinokonzera chirwere uye vakachinja maitiro ekurapa. Maitiro ake ekurapa, akavakirwa pakutarisa kwekuongorora uye kufunga, ndiwo hwaro hwenzira dzekurapa dzemazuva ano.
Mumasvomhu, mipiro yenyanzvi dzemasvomhu dzechiGiriki dzakadai saEuclid, Archimedes, naPythagoras yave yakakura zvikuru. Geometry yaEuclidean, yakatsanangurwa mu "Elements" yake huru, yave yakakosha mukuvandudza masvomhu. Nheyo dzaArchimedes mufizikisi neinjiniya dzichiri kushanda, nepo dzidziso dzaPythagorean dzichitsigira pfungwa dzemazuva ano dzemasvomhu nesainzi.
akitekicha
Kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zvevaGiriki vekare kwakapesvedzera zvakanyanya maitiro ekuvaka akazotevera pasi rose. Kushandiswa kwemakoramu (Doric, Ionic, uye Corinthian orders), kusimbiswa kwekuenzanisa, uye kutsvaga kuenderana uye chiyero zviratidzo zvekuvaka kwevaGiriki zvakatorwa uye zvakagadziriswa mumazana emakore.
Zvivako zvakaita seParthenon hazvingoratidzi chete hunyanzvi hwekuvaka hwevaGiriki vekare asiwo kugona kwavo kutaridzika zvakanaka. Zvivako zveveruzhinji zvemazuva ano zvakaita semamiziyamu, matare edzimhosva, uye zvivakwa zvehurumende zvinowanzo kurudzirwa nemagadzirirwo aya ekare, zvichiratidza kusashanda kwenguva refu kwemitemo yekuvaka yechiGiriki.
Mitambo neMitambo yeOlympic
Rudo rwevaGiriki vekare rwemitambo uye kutangwa kwavo kweMitambo yeOlympic kwave nepesvedzero inogara iripo. Mitambo yeOlympic yemazuva ano, yakamutswa muna 1896, inoenderera mberi zvakananga netsika iyi yekare, ichisimbisa kubatana kwenyika dzese, makwikwi, uye kupemberera kubudirira kwevanhu mumuviri. Mitambo yakawanda yemazuva ano, yakaita sewrestling, boxing, uye discus, yakatangira mutsika dzekare dzechiGiriki.
mhedziso
Mipiro yevaGiriki vekare munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana yakasiya chiratidzo chisingakanganwiki panyika yanhasi. Kufambira mberi kwavo muuzivi, mafungiro ezvematongerwo enyika, mabhuku, hunyanzvi, maitiro esainzi, uye mitambo zvinoramba zvichiumba nzanga yanhasi. Kukosha kusingaperi kwenhaka idzi dzetsika nepfungwa kunoratidza kubwinya nekuona mberi kwebudiriro iyi yekare. Sezvatinofamba nematambudziko enyika yanhasi, huchenjeri nekubudirira kweGirisi yekare zvinoramba zviri mbiru huru iyo kunzwisisa kwedu kwazvino uye tsika kwakavakirwa pairi. Kutsvaga kwavo ruzivo, kunaka, uye runako kunoramba kuri humbowo hunokurudzira hwehungwaru hwevanhu uye kutsvaga kufambira mberi kusingaperi.
