Nhoroondo yeKukura kwechiKristu
Nhoroondo yechiKristu ine jira rakawanda uye rakasiyana-siyana, rakarukwa kuburikidza nemazana emakore ekushanduka-shanduka kwechitendero, kugadziriswa kwetsika, uye shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika. Kubva pamavambo ayo seboka diki rechiJudha muzana remakore rekutanga CE kusvika pakupesvedzera kwayo kwakapararira uye maitiro akasiyana-siyana pasi rose nhasi, kukura kwechiKristu kunonakidza uye kwakaoma kunzwisisa.
Mavambo uye Kukura Kwepakutanga (zana remakore rekutanga kusvika rechitatu)
ChiKristu chakatanga muzana remakore rekutanga CE munharaunda yeJudhiya, chikamu cheUmambo hweRoma. Mavambo acho akadzika midzi muhupenyu nedzidziso dzaJesu weNazareta, muparidzi wechiJudha nemurapi. Zvinoenderana nechitendero chechiKristu, Jesu ndiye Mwanakomana waMwari uye Mesiya akamirirwa (Kristu) akaporofitwa muTestamende Yekare. Nhoroondo huru dzehupenyu hwaJesu nedzidziso dzake dzinowanikwa muTestamende Itsva yeBhaibheri, kunyanya Evhangeri dzaMateo, Mako, Ruka, naJohani.
Pakutanga sangano iri rakakura munharaunda dzevaJudha, vaapositori vaJesu, kunyanya Petro naPauro, vachiita mabasa akakosha. Pauro, kunyanya, akabatsira zvikuru mukuparadzira shoko kuvanhu veMamwe Marudzi (vasiri vaJudha), zvichiwedzera zvikuru chitendero chitsva. Kuchinja uku kwaive kwakakosha, kuchiratidza kutanga kwekuzivikanwa kwechiKristu kwakasiyana.
VaKristu vekutanga vaitambudzwa nevatungamiriri vechitendero chechiJudha nehurumende yeRoma. Pasinei neizvi, kutenda kwakaramba kuchikura, kazhinji muchivande uye kuburikidza nekubatana kwepachivande. Chechi yekutanga yaizivikanwa nerudo rwekugarisana uye kubatsirana, kazhinji vachisangana mudzimba dzevanhu kuti vanamate uye vadyidzane.
Kugadzwa uye Kutambudzwa (Mazana emakore e4-6)
Chinhu chikuru chakachinja chiKristu chakauya nekutendeuka kwaMambo weRoma Constantine Mukuru pakutanga kwezana remakore rechina. Mutemo weMilan muna 313 CE, waakaburitsa, wakabvumira kushivirirana kwechitendero muumambo hwese uye wakabvumira maKristu kunamata pachena vasingatyi kutambudzwa. Izvi zvakateverwa neDare Rekutanga reNicaea muna 325 CE, iro rakatsvaga kugadzirisa gakava rezvechitendero uye kusimbisa dzidziso yechiKristu yakabatana, kunyanya nezvehunhu hwaKristu nehukama hwake naMwari Baba.
Pakazosvika kuguma kwezana remakore rechina, pasi paMambo Theodosius I, chiKristu chakanga chava chitendero chepamutemo cheUmambo hweRoma. Kubatana uku nesimba reumambo kwakakanganisa zvikuru chimiro nekusvika kweChechi. Mabhishopi, kunyanya Bhishopi weRoma (akazozivikanwa saPapa), akawana simba guru, zvichigadzira hwaro hweChechi yeRoma Katurike.
Chechi yeMiddle Ages uye Kupesana (zana remakore rechi7-rechi15)
Nguva dzepakati nepakati dzaive nguva yekubatana uye kupatsanuka kwechiKristu. Chechi yakaita basa guru muhupenyu hwemagariro evanhu, zvematongerwo enyika, uye tsika dzeEurope yepakati nepakati. Kunamata kwemamongi kwakabudirira, nemamongi achive nzvimbo dzekudzidza, kuchengetedza ruzivo rwechinyakare, uye hupenyu hwemweya.
Zvisinei, nguva iyi yakaonawo kusawirirana kukuru kwedzidziso nekupatsanurana. Chimwe chezvakanyanyozivikanwa chaive Kupesana Kukuru kwa1054, uko kwakaparadzanisa chiKristu kuita Chechi yeRoma Katurike yekumadokero neChechi yeEastern Orthodox yeEastern. Kupatsanurana uku kwakakonzerwa nekusawirirana kwedzidziso (senge chikamu chefilioque muNicene Creed) uye kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika pakati pemapazi eChechi yeWestern neEastern.
Kuchinja uye Nguva Yemazuva Ano (zana remakore rechi16 kusvika rechi18)
Zana remakore rechi16 rakaunza imwe yeshanduko huru munhoroondo yechiKristu - Kuchinja kwevaPurotesitendi. Vachikurudzirwa nevanhu vakaita saMartin Luther, John Calvin, naHuldrych Zwingli, Kuchinja kwakapikisa tsika nedzidziso dzeChechi yeRoma Katurike, zvikaita kuti pave nemasangano akawanda evaPurotesitendi. Chinyorwa chaLuther cheMashoko eMakumi Mapfumbamwe Nemashanu muna 1517 chinowanzotaurwa sekutanga kweKuchinja.
Chinhu chikuru muReformation kwaive kusimbiswa kwemagwaro matsvene (sola scriptura), upristi hwevatendi vese, uye kururamiswa nekutenda chete (sola fide). Pfungwa idzi dzezvechitendero, pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwemuchina wekudhinda kuparadzira pfungwa nekukurumidza, zvakabatsira mukupararira kwechitendero. Chechi yeKaturike yakapindura neCounter-Reformation, yakaratidzwa neDare reTrent (1545-1563), iro rakaedza kugadzirisa kushungurudzwa kwemukati nekujekesa dzidziso dzeKaturike.
Nguva yekuongorora nekudzora nyika kubva muzana remakore rechi15 kusvika rechi18 yakaona chiKristu chichipararira kuAmerica, Africa, neAsia, kazhinji zvichibatanidzwa nezvinangwa zveumambo hweEurope. Mamishinari anobva kuCatholic nePurotesitendi akaita basa guru mukupararira kwechiKristu, kunyange zvazvo kuedza kwavo dzimwe nguva kwaiperekedzwa nemazano ekumanikidza uye kumanikidzwa kwetsika.
Nyika Yemazuva Ano Neyemazuva Ano (Mazana Emakore e19-21)
Muzana remakore rechi19 nerechi20, chiKristu chakaramba chichichinja zvichienderana nemazuva ano, kufambira mberi kwesainzi, uye shanduko dzemagariro evanhu. Dare reChipiri reVatican (1962-1965) raive chiitiko chakakosha kuChechi yeKatorike, richida kutaurirana pachena nenyika yanhasi uye kukurudzira kutaurirana kwemasangano echiKristu.
Saizvozvowo, muzana remakore rechi20 makava nekukwira kwechitendero cheEvhangeri, kufamba kwechitendero cherunako, uye kutarisisa patsva kururamisira munharaunda nedzidziso dzerusununguko. ChiKristu chinoramba chichikura muSouth Africa (Africa, Asia, neLatin America), nekuchinja kwenzvimbo dzechitendero ichikanganisa kutaura kwacho kwechitendero netsika.
mhedziso
Kukura kwechiKristu chiratidzo chekushanduka-shanduka kwacho uye hunhu hwacho. Kubva pakutanga kwacho muchikamu chidiki cheUmambo hweRoma kusvika pakuva kwacho sechitendero chepasi rose chine mabhiriyoni evateveri, nhoroondo yechiKristu inoratidzwa nenguva dzekutambudzwa kwakanyanya uye shanduko huru. Chakashanduka kuburikidza nekupatsanurana, kuvandudzwa, uye kuvandudzwa, nguva dzose ichitsvaga nzira dzekupindura matambudziko nemikana yenguva yega yega.
Kunzwisisa nhoroondo yayo kunobatsira kuumba kusiyana-siyana kuripo uye kuwanda kuri muchiKristu, zvichiratidza kuti kutenda kwakavakirwa pashoko rerudo, rudzikinuro, netariro kunogona kuzviratidza munzira dzakawanda, asi kunoramba kwakadzika midzi mudzidziso huru yemuvambi wayo, Jesu Kristu.
