Nhoroondo yeKuvandudzwa kweSisitimu Yedzidzo Pasi Rose
Dzidzo yave iri chinhu chakakosha mubudiriro yevanhu kwezviuru zvemakore, ichishanda sedombo guru pakavakirwa tsika, ruzivo, uye hupfumi. Kukura kwehurongwa hwedzidzo pasi rese inyaya yakapfuma yakabatana mumazana emakore nemakondinendi. Kubva munzira dzekudzidza dzisina kurongeka kusvika pakugadzirwa kwedzidzo yakarongeka, rwendo rwedzidzo rwakabatana zvakadzama nekushanduka kwemagariro evanhu nezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa kukura kwenhoroondo kwehurongwa hwedzidzo pasi rese, chichiongorora matanho akakosha uye kushanduka kwetsika dzekudzidzisa.
Maitiro Edzidzo Ekare
Munguva dzekare, dzidzo yaiwanzoitwa zvisina kurongeka, ichipiwa mumhuri nemunzvimbo dzevanhu. Munharaunda dzekare, kuparidzirwa kwezivo kwainyanya kuitwa nemuromo, kutarisisa hunyanzvi hwekupona, zvitendero zvetsika, uye tsika dzevanhu. Sezvo nzanga dzichikura, marudzi edzidzo akarongwa akatanga kuonekwa.
MuMesopotamia yekare, imwe yenzira dzekutanga dzedzidzo dzepamutemo dzakatanga kutenderera makore ekuma3 BCE. Zvikoro zvetemberi, zvaizivikanwa se'edubbas,' zvaidzidzisa boka repamusoro mukunyora, masvomhu, uye magwaro echitendero. Saizvozvowo, muIjipita yekare, dzidzo yaichengeterwa vanakomana vepamusoro, vaidzidziswa nevapristi muzvikoro zvetemberi. Zvidzidzo zvaisanganisira kuverenga, kunyora, masvomhu, uye dzidziso dzetsika, kunyanya zvakanyorwa mumifananidzo uye manyoro ehieratic.
India yekare yakaona kuumbwa kwetsika yeGuru-Shishya (mudzidzisi-mudzidzi), uko ruzivo rwaitumirwa nemuromo. Sisitimu yeGurukula, sezvakatsanangurwa mumagwaro akaita seVedas neUpanishads, inotarisa panzira yakazara yedzidzo, inosanganisira kudzidziswa kwemweya, kwemuviri, uye kwepfungwa.
MuChina, Confucius (551-479 BCE) akapesvedzera zvikuru hurongwa hwedzidzo hweChina. Ichisimbisa tsika dzakanaka, mutoro wevanhu, uye kuoma kwepfungwa, Confucianism yakatsigira kukosha kwedzidzo senzira yekuwana nzanga yakabatana. Umambo hweKuongorora, hwakavambwa panguva yeHutongi hwaSui (581-618 CE), hwakabatsira zvikuru mukuita kuti dzidzo ive yepamutemo uye hwakashanda semuenzaniso webvunzo dzevashandi vehurumende mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda.
Dzidzo yeClassical
MuGreece yekare, dzidzo yakava yakarongeka zvakanyanya, kunyanya muAthens, uko kwaive kwakakosha kune tsika dzedemocracy. Chikoro chakakurumbira chakavambwa naPlato neLyceum chakatangwa naAristotle chakatsanangura uzivi, sainzi, nekutaura, zvichigadzira hwaro hwedzidziso dzekuMadokero. Dzidzo yeSpartan, zvakasiyana, yainyanya kutarisa paunyanzvi hwemuviri, chirango, uye kudzidziswa kwemauto nekuda kwehunhu hwehondo hwenzanga.
Roma yekare yakagamuchira uye yakagadzirisa hurongwa hwedzidzo hwechiGiriki, ichiwedzera kudzidziswa kwebasa uye hunyanzvi hwekutaura muzvidzidzo zvayo. Dzidzo yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu, kutanga ne'ludus' yedzidzo yepuraimari uye kufambira mberi kuenda kuzvikoro zvekutaura zvedzidzo yepamusoro, izvo zvaibatsira makirasi epamusoro aivavarira mabasa ehurumende.
Nguva yeMiddle Ages
Nekudzikira kweHumambo hweRoma, Europe yakapinda muNguva yeRima, zvikaita kuti pave nekukanganiswa kukuru kwedzidzo yepamutemo. Zvisinei, Chechi yakaita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza ruzivo kuburikidza nezvikoro zvemamongi nezvikoro zvemakereke. Kuvambwa kwemayunivhesiti kubva muzana remakore rechi12 zvichienda mberi kwakaratidza kudzoka kwedzidzo yakarongeka. Mayunivhesiti anozivikanwa epakati pekare akadai seBologna, Paris, neOxford akapa zvidzidzo zvakakwana zvinosanganisira dzidziso dzechitendero, mutemo, mushonga, uye hunyanzvi.
Panguva iyi, budiriro yeIslam yakawana nguva yeGoridhe pakati pezana remakore rechisere nerechigumi nemana. Mumaguta akadai seBaghdad, Córdoba, neCairo, masangano anozivikanwa se'madrasas' akava nzvimbo dzekudzidza, achibatsira zvikuru mumasvomhu, sainzi, mushonga, uye uzivi. Nyanzvi dzakadai saAl-Farabi, Avicenna (Ibn Sina), naAl-Ghazali vakaita kufambira mberi kukuru kwakapesvedzera nyika yeIslam neWestern Europe.
MuAsia, madzimambo eTang neSong ekuChina akaramba achivandudza hurongwa hwedzidzo, achigadzira mabhuku ekutanga akadhindwa pasi rose uye achisimudzira shanduko dzedzidzo. Kumwewo, muJapan, nguva yeHeian yakaona kukwira kwedzidzo yehumambo, ichinyanya kutarisa pamabhuku, hunyanzvi, uye tsika dzematare.
Renaissance uye Kuvhenekerwa
Nguva yeRenaissance (zana remakore rechi14-17) uye nguva yeEnlightenment (zana remakore rechi17-18) muEurope yakaratidzwa nekumukazve kwemabasa epfungwa uye kuumbwa kwehumanism. Kugadzirwa kwemuchina wekudhinda naJohannes Gutenberg pakati pezana remakore rechi15 kwakachinja kuparadzirwa kwezivo, zvichiita kuti mabhuku ave nyore kuwana uye kukurudzira kuverenga nekunyora.
Munguva yeKuvhenekerwa, vafungi vakaita saJohn Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, naImmanuel Kant vakapesvedzera dzidziso dzaisimbisa kodzero dzemunhu, kunzwisisa, uye humbowo hwechokwadi. Pfungwa dzavo dzakaisa hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwedzidzo yemazuva ano, vachitsigira dzidzo yeruzhinji uye kuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwezvikoro zveveruzhinji.
Mazana emakore e19 ne20: Kubudirira kweMaindasitiri uye Kuwedzera Kwenyika
Kuchinja kwemaindasitiri kwakaunza shanduko huru muhurongwa hwedzidzo. Kudiwa kwevashandi vane ruzivo uye vane hunyanzvi kwakaita kuti vanhu vawane dzidzo yakawanda. MuEurope neNorth America, mitemo yedzidzo yekumanikidza yakaitwa, uye hurongwa hwezvikoro zvehurumende hwakatangwa. Vadzidzisi vanofambira mberi vakaita saHorace Mann muUnited States vakatsigira dzidzo yemahara, isina mapoka inotsigirwa nemitero.
Muzana remakore rechi19 makaonawo kupararira kwedzidzo idzi pasi rose, kuburikidza nemabasa ekuzvipira uye kuwedzera kwehutongi hwemakoloni. Zvisinei, mumakoloni, dzidzo yaiwanzo ratidza zvinangwa zvevakoloni, ichiisa pamberi zvinangwa zvehutungamiriri uye zvemamishinari kupfuura zvinodiwa nenzvimbo dzemunharaunda.
Zana remakore rechi20 rakaona kufambira mberi kwakawanda mukuwana dzidzo yevanhu vose. Mushure meHondo Yenyika II, Sangano reUnited Nations, kuburikidza neUNESCO, rakatsanangura dzidzo sekodzero huru yevanhu. Muma1960 nema1970 makaona kuwanda kwemitemo yakanangana nekuderedza musiyano wedzidzo pakati penyika dzakabudirira nedzichiri kusimukira. Pfungwa dzakadai sekudzidza kwehupenyu hwese, dzidzo inosanganisira vose, uye kubatanidzwa kwetekinoroji zvakatanga kukwezva mukurumbira.
Zana remakore rechi21: Kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose neTekinoroji
Muzana remakore rechi21, kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kuri kuramba kuchiumba tsika dzedzidzo. Kuuya kweinternet uye matekinoroji edhijitari kwakachinja mawanirwo uye kuparadzirwa kweruzivo. Mapuratifomu ekudzidza epamhepo, maMOOC (Massive Open Online Courses), uye maapplication edzidzo zvakaita kuti dzidzo ive nyore uye iwanikwe.
Panguva imwe chete, kune kusimbiswa kuri kuwedzera padzidzo yakazara, kukoshesa njere dzemanzwiro, kugadzira, uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa matambudziko pamwe chete nedzidzo dzechinyakare. Kushandira pamwe kwemasangano epasi rose pamwe nemiyero yedzidzo yepasi rose zvinoratidza nyika yakabatana, zvichisimbisa kunzwisisana kwetsika dzakasiyana uye kuva vagari vepasi rose.
mhedziso
Kukura kwenhoroondo yehurongwa hwedzidzo pasi rose kunoratidza kutsvakwa kwevanhu ruzivo nekufambira mberi munharaunda. Kubva patsika dzekare dzemuromo kusvika kumakirasi edhijitari anhasi, rwendo rwedzidzo runosimbisa kuedza kwedu pamwe chete kukurudzira kudzidza, kufunga zvakadzama, uye kukura kwemunhu. Sezvatinofambira mberi, dambudziko riri mukuona kuti dzidzo yemhando yepamusoro inowanikwa zvakaenzana, kugadzirisa kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, uye kukurudzira nharaunda inosanganisira vanhu vose inoremekedza nekupemberera kusiyana-siyana.
