John Locke neDzidziso yeEmpiricism John Locke (1632–1704) aive mumwe wevazivi vane simba guru mutsika dzemazuva ano dzekuMadokero dzepfungwa. Zita rake rinowanzo batanidzwa nekuzvarwa kweEmpiricism—chikoro cheuzivi chinosimbisa ruzivo senzira huru yekuziva. Kusiyana nevanofunga pfungwa, vaidavira kuti kufunga nepfungwa dzekuzvarwa nadzo ndizvo hwaro hwekunzwisisa kwevanhu, Locke akataura kuti pfungwa dzemunhu… Verenga zvakawanda
Pfungwa yeMaitiro Akavakirwa Pakodzero Dzidziso dzetsika ibazi reuzivi rinokurukura kuti vanhu vanofanira kuita sei, zvinoonekwa sezvakanaka nezvakaipa, uye zvikonzero zvekutonga uku kwetsika. Pakati penzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzetsika dzakagadzirwa, tsika dzakavakirwa pakodzero dzine chinzvimbo chakakosha nekuti dzinosimbisa kuti munhu wese ane kodzero dzekuzvarwa nadzo semunhu, uye… Verenga zvakawanda
Socrates neNzira yeSocratic: Zviratidzo zveUngwaru muKudzidza kweUzivi Socrates aive mumwe wevazivi vakuru uye vane simba guru munhoroondo yeuzivi hwekuMadokero. Akazvarwa muAthens kunenge muna 470 BC, anozivikanwa kwete nekunyora kwake kana mabhuku, asi nehurukuro dzakanyorwa nevadzidzi vake, kunyanya Plato. Chimwe chezvipo zvake zvikuru ku… Verenga zvakawanda
Zvinoreva uye Chinangwa cheHupenyu Maererano neFilosofi Zvinoreva uye chinangwa chehupenyu mibvunzo yave ichinetsa pfungwa dzevanhu kubvira kare. Sevanhu vanokwanisa kufunga nekunzwisisa, vanhu vanobvunza kwavakabva, chinangwa chavo chii, uye zvavanofanira kuita kuti hupenyu hwavo huve nechinangwa. Filosofi yakabuda seimwe nzira yekupindura mibvunzo iyi… Verenga zvakawanda
Sartre neUzivi hweRusununguko: Kuongorora Pfungwa yeKuvapo muHupenyu hweMazuva Ano Jean-Paul Sartre, muzivi weFrance ane mukurumbira wezana remakore rechi20, anozivikanwa sababa vehunhu hwekuvapo. Uzivi hwake hwakakanganiswa zvikuru nezviitiko zvikuru zvakaita seHondo Yenyika II, apo Europe yakabatwa nedambudziko rekuzivikanwa uye vanhu vakatanga kusava nechokwadi nezvemarudzi ese ehutongi hwechokwadi uye hudzvanyiriri. Hunhu hwaSartre hwekuvapo hunopa nzwisiso yakadzama pamusoro… Verenga zvakawanda
Phenomenology uye Pfungwa yeKuvapo Phenomenology chikoro cheuzivi chinotarisa pakuongorora zvakananga ruzivo rwevanhu nepfungwa dzavo. Chikoro ichi chakatangwa naEdmund Husserl pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Kuburikidza nenzira yakarongeka yeruzivo rwakananga, phenomenology inovavarira kuongorora kukosha kwechiitiko chimwe nechimwe sezvinoonekwa nemunhu ari kusangana nacho. Muchirevo ichi, kunzwisisa… Verenga zvakawanda
Pfungwa yeRuramisiro muUzivi hweZvematongerwo enyika Ruramisiro ndeimwe yepfungwa dzakakosha muuzivi hwezvematongerwo enyika. Kubva kare kusvika munguva yemazuva ano, uzivi hwezvematongerwo enyika hwave huchiedza kutsanangura zvinorehwa neruramisiro uye kuti nzanga inofanira kurongeka sei kuti iite misimboti yeruramisiro. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzezvefilosofi dzakapa dzidziso dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoumba ruramisiro kubva pamaonero akasiyana-siyana. Muchinyorwa chino… Verenga zvakawanda
Nei Uzivi Huri Hwaro hweSainzi Uzivi hunowanzoonekwa sechidzidzo chepfungwa chisinganzwisisike uye chedzidziso, chakasiyana nepfungwa dzinoshanda uye sainzi yekuongorora. Zvisinei, maonero aya anoratidza kusanzwisisa kukosha kweuzivi mukukura nekushandiswa kwesainzi. Kana ukanyatsoongorora, uzivi hunoonekwa kuti ndiwo mudzi wekuedza kwevanhu kunzwisisa nyika… Verenga zvakawanda
Kutsoropodzwa kweRationalist kweEmpiricism Empiricism ne rationalism zvikoro zviviri zvefilosofi zvine nzvimbo huru muhurukuro ye epistemology—kudzidza mavambo, hunhu, uye mhedzisiro yeruzivo. Empiricism inotaura kuti ruzivo runobva muruzivo rwepfungwa, nepo rationalism ichisimbisa basa rekufunga nekufunga kwakanangana. Maitiro maviri aya anowanzoonekwa seanopikisana. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora kutsoropodzwa kwe rationalist kwe… Verenga zvakawanda
Kukosha kweUzivi muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Uzivi izwi rinobva pamashoko echiGiriki ekuti "philos," anoreva rudo, uye "sophia," anoreva uchenjeri. Chaizvoizvo, uzivi hunogona kutsanangurwa serudo rweuchenjeri. Zvakanyanya, uzivi kudzidza kwakakosha kwemisimboti yeruzivo, chokwadi, uye kuvapo kwevanhu. Kunyangwe kazhinji kuchionekwa sechirango… Verenga zvakawanda