Socrates uye Nzira yeSocratic: Zviratidzo zveUngwaru muKudzidza kweUzivi
Socrates aive mumwe wevazivi vakuru uye vane simba guru munhoroondo yeuzivi hwekuMadokero. Akazvarwa muAthens kunenge muna 470 BC, haazivikanwe nekunyora kwake kana mabhuku, asi nehurukuro dzakanyorwa nevadzidzi vake, kunyanya Plato. Chimwe chezvipo zvake zvikuru muuzivi nepfungwa yaive nzira yekutaura, iyo yava kuzivikanwa senzira yeSocratic. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora kuti Socrates aive ani, kuti nzira yeSocratic yaishanda sei, uye kukosha kwayo pakufunga nedzidzo nhasi.
Ndiani Socrates?
Socrates akaberekerwa muAthens mumhuri yepakati nepakati. Baba vake vaive muvezi wemifananidzo uye amai vake vaive nyamukuta. Kunyangwe aive nechiremera chakaderera munharaunda, Socrates akawana mukurumbira wakapararira nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwake hwepfungwa netsika. Hupenyu hwaSocrates hunozivikanwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nemabasa aPlato naXenophon, sezvo iye pachake asina kumbobvira anyora chero chinhu.
Chakaita kuti Socrates ave akasiyana nevamwe ndechekuti aidzidza ruzivo neuchenjeri. Haana kudzidzisa semudzidzisi wetsika, asi kuburikidza nekukurukurirana nekukurukurirana. Socrates aitenda kuti uchenjeri hwechokwadi hunobva pakuziva kusaziva kwemunhu. Aiwanzoti, "Chandinoziva ndechekuti hapana chandinoziva."
Hunhu Hukuru hweNzira yeSocratic
Nzira yeSocratic inozivikanwa senzira yekuvaka nharo nekuwana ruzivo kuburikidza nemibvunzo nemhinduro zvakarongwa. Nzira iyi yakavakirwa pahurukuro isina kurongeka pakati pemapato maviri kana anopfuura, umo rimwe bato (kazhinji Socrates) rinobvunza mibvunzo yakatevedzana yakagadzirirwa kuongorora nekujekesa pfungwa dziripo uye fungidziro dzepfungwa dzerimwe bato.
Maitiro eSocratic Method
1. Mibvunzo Inomutsa Zvinangwa: Socrates anowanzo tanga nekubvunza mubvunzo unoita seuri nyore asi wakadzama. Mubvunzo uyu wakagadzirirwa kukurudzira kufunga nekufungisisa.
2. Kuongorora Zvinofungidzirwa: Mushure meizvozvo, Socrates anorayira hurukuro kuti iongorore zvinofungidzirwa zviri pasi pemhinduro yekutanga.
3. Kuongorora Kwakakosha: Socrates anobvunza mibvunzo inotevera kuti aedze mhinduro idzi nefungidziro. Mibvunzo iyi inowanzo pikisa mafungiro etsika uye inotungamira pakusawirirana kana kupokana.
4. Kubudirira Kutsva: Kuburikidza nemibvunzo yakatevedzana, vatori vechikamu muhurukuro vanorayirwa kuti vawane mhinduro dzakadzama uye dzakabatana kudambudziko riri kukurukurwa.
Mashandisirwo uye Kukosha kweNzira yeSocratic
Nzira yeSocratic ine mashandisirwo akakura uye inokosha zvikuru muminda yakasiyana-siyana, kubva padzidzo, mutemo, kusvika pakurapa.
Dzidzo
Mudzidzo, nzira yeSocratic inowanzo shandiswa mukudzidzisa nekudzidza kuti pave nehunyanzvi hwekufunga zvakadzama uye nekuongorora. Nzira iyi inobatsira vadzidzi kwete kungonzwisisa ruzivo chete asiwo kuongorora nekunzwisisa pfungwa zvakadzama. Semuenzaniso, muzvidzidzo zvemasvomhu kana zvesainzi, vadzidzisi vanogona kushandisa nzira iyi kukurudzira hurukuro dzinoita kuti vadzidzi vawane pfungwa kana mafomura vakazvimiririra.
Hukum
Munyaya dzemutemo, nzira yeSocratic inowanzo shandiswa mudzidzo yemutemo, kunyanya muzvikoro zvemutemo muUnited States. Kuburikidza nemibvunzo yakawanda yakagadzirwa neunyanzvi, mapurofesa emutemo anodzidzisa vadzidzi kunatsiridza hunyanzvi hwavo hwekuongorora mukugadzirisa nyaya dzemutemo. Nzira iyi inovagadzirirawo hurukuro nemamiriro ezvinhu anoda kufunga nekukurumidza uye kwakadzama.
Kurapa
Nzira yeSocratic inoshandiswawo mukurapa kwepfungwa, kunyanya kurapa kwepfungwa nemaitiro (CBT). Munyaya iyi, varapi vanoshandisa mibvunzo yakavakirwa paSocratic kubatsira vatengi kuona nekuchinja pfungwa dzisina kunaka uye maitiro ehunhu. Semuenzaniso, kana mutengi aine zvitendero zvisina kunaka uye zvisina musoro pamusoro pavo, murapi anogona kupikisa nekuongorora zvitendero izvi kuburikidza nemibvunzo yakatevedzana, achikurudzira kukura kweruzivo rutsva nekunzwisisa.
Mhedziso
Socrates munhu mukuru munhoroondo yeuzivi uyo akabudirira kukurudzira mweya wekufunga kwakadzama uye kwakadzama. Kuburikidza nenzira yeSocratic, akaratidza kuti ruzivo rwechokwadi harubvi padzidziso yekunze kana simba, asi kubva pakuongorora mukati uye kuongororwa kwakadzama kwezvatinotenda. Nzira iyi haingobatsiri chete mumamiriro ezvinhu ekare asiwo ine mashandisirwo akawanda anoshanda mudzidzo, mutemo, kurapa, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda.
Kusiyana kwenzira iyi kuri mukukwanisa kwayo kukurudzira maitiro ekufunga zvakadzama, kuwedzera kunzwisisa, uye kutikurudzira kuramba tichibvunza zvatinofunga. Nemamwe mashoko, nzira yeSocratic inotidzidzisa kuti ruzivo rwechokwadi rwendo, kwete rwendo. Irwendo rwekubvunza nguva dzose, kubvunza, uye kunzwisisa kwakadzama—nhaka inogara iripo iyo Socrates akasiyira nyika.
