Kukosha Kwetsika Dzebasa Muhupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva Hunhu hwebasa hunowanzoonekwa semitemo inoshanda chete muhofisi, muimba yemisangano, kana kana mumwe munhu akapfeka yunifomu yebasa. Zvisinei, tsika dzebasa dzakakura kupfuura kungova gwara repamutemo kubasa. Dzine chekuita zvakananga nemaitiro edu, zvatinoita, zvatinoita zvisarudzo, zvatinotaurirana, uye zvatinotora mutoro webasa rinobata... Verenga zvakawanda
Kutsoropodzwa kwaPlato kweDemocracy Democracy inowanzoonekwa senzira yehurumende yakarurama nekuti inobvumira kutora chikamu kwevagari uye inoisa hutongi mumaoko evanhu. Zvisinei, kare kare democracy yemazuva ano isati yatanga, Plato akatsoropodza zvakanyanya hurongwa uhwu. Mumabasa ake—kunyanya Politeia (Republic)—Plato haana kungopokana nekushanda kwedemocracy chete asiwo akataura kuti democracy… Verenga zvakawanda
Kuvapo uye Dzidziso Yekushaya Chinangwa Kuvapo ndeimwe yezvikoro zvine simba zvikuru zvepfungwa dzepfungwa mukugadzirisa ruzivo rwevanhu: kuzvidya mwoyo, rusununguko, sarudzo, uye kutsvaga zvinoreva. Hazvibvunzi zvakanyanya kuti, "Chii chiri musimboti wenyika?" asi kuti, "Zvakaita sei kuva munhu munyika isingape mhinduro nguva dzose?" Munhoroondo yayo yese, kuvapo kwezvinhu kwagara kuchipindirana nepfungwa ye "kusava nechinangwa" kana "kusavapo kwechirevo"... Verenga zvakawanda
Pfungwa yaJohn Stuart Mill yeRusununguko Rwezvematongerwo Enyika John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) aive mumwe wevafungi verusununguko vane simba munhoroondo yehuzivi hwezvematongerwo enyika hwemazuva ano. Pfungwa dzake pamusoro perusununguko hadzina kungoumba tsika yerusununguko rwekare chete asiwo dzakaisa hwaro hwakakosha hwehurukuro dzemazuva ano nezvekodzero dzemunhu, miganhu yesimba renyika, uye hukama huripo pakati perusununguko nedemocracy. Mukati make akawanda… Verenga zvakawanda
Zvinoreva Chokwadi Sekureva kwaThomas Aquinas Kukurukurirana nezve "chokwadi" muuzivi kunowanzo tanga nemubvunzo uri nyore asi wakakosha: chii chiripo zvechokwadi, uye tinoziva sei kuti chimwe chinhu ndechechokwadi? Kuna Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), nyanzvi yezvechitendero uye muzivi ane simba guru wepakati nepakati, chokwadi hachisi kungoonekwa nepfungwa, kana kungofunga… Verenga zvakawanda
Maonero Ekushandisa Chirango Utilitarianism ndeimwe yedzidziso dzetsika dzine simba guru muuzivi hwemazuva ano hwetsika nezvematongerwo enyika. Pfungwa huru yaro iri nyore: chiito chakarurama kusvika padanho rekuti chinopa zvakanaka kana mufaro mukuru kuvanhu vazhinji. Kana chikashandiswa panyaya yechirango, utilitarianism inopa chimiro chakasiyana uye chinowanzo… Verenga zvakawanda
Dzidziso yeMutemo Wechisikigo weKururamisira Dzidziso yemutemo wechisikigo weKururamisira ndeimwe yepfungwa dzekare uye dzine simba guru munhoroondo yekufunga kwemutemo. Chaizvoizvo, dzidziso iyi inobva mukutenda kuti mitemo yetsika inowanikwa muhunhu hwevanhu uye kurongeka kwechisikigo, saka, mutemo wechokwadi unofanirwa kuenderana nemiyero iyi. Nemamwe mashoko, mutemo haufanirwe… Verenga zvakawanda
Kuvapo uye Pfungwa Yechokwadi Kuvapo kwechokwadi chikoro cheuzivi chinoisa zviitiko zvechokwadi zvevanhu—kuzvidya mwoyo, rusununguko, sarudzo, kusurukirwa, uye mutoro—pakati pehurukuro yacho. Kusiyana nenzira dzeuzivi dzinotsvaga tsananguro yakagadzika yehunhu hwevanhu, kuvapo kwechokwadi kunoramba pfungwa yekuti vanhu vane "chinhu chakafanorongwa." Mukati meiyi gadziriro, vanhu vanonzwisiswa sezvisikwa zvisingachinji... Verenga zvakawanda
Pfungwa yeChitendero muUzivi: Chitendero chimwe chezvinhu zvekare uye zvine simba guru munhoroondo yevanhu. Chinoonekwa muzvitendero, tsika, masangano, uye kunyange zviitiko zvemweya zvakaoma kutsanangura mumutauro wezuva nezuva. Muhupenyu hwemagariro evanhu, chitendero chinogona kuva sosi yetsika dzakanaka, kuzivikanwa kwakafanana, uye simba rinosimudzira shanduko. Zvisinei, chitendero chinogonawo kumutsa mibvunzo yakakosha: … Verenga zvakawanda
Dzidziso yaAlfred Schutz yeFenomenological Alfred Schutz (1899–1959) anozivikanwa semumwe wevanhu vakakosha vanobatanidza uzivi hwefenomenology nesainzi yemagariro evanhu, kunyanya sociology. Kunyange hazvo phenomenology yaEdmund Husserl yainyanya kutarisa pachimiro chepfungwa uye kuti zvinhu zvinoonekwa sei muzviitiko, Schutz akaunza nzira iyi muhupenyu hwemazuva ese hwemagariro evanhu. Kuna Schutz, chokwadi chemagariro evanhu hachisi chinhu "chiripo... Verenga zvakawanda