Tauira o ngā Pātai Kōrero mō te Kawenga Hohe
Ko te kawe i ngā matū puta noa i ngā kiriuhi pūtau tētahi o ngā tukanga matua e puta ana i roto i te oranga pūtau. Ko tētahi tikanga tino nui o tēnei kawe ko te kawe hohe. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou te kawe hohe mā roto i ngā tauira rapanga me ngā kōrero hei whakarato i tētahi māramatanga pai ake.
Te Mārama ki te Kawe Hohe
Ko te kawe hohe ko te tukanga neke i ngā matū puta noa i te kiriuhi pūtau mai i tētahi wāhi iti te kukū ki tētahi wāhi nui te kukū. E hiahiatia ana he pūngao mō tēnei tukanga, e ahu mai ana i ngā ngota ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Kāore i rite ki te horapa kore mahi, e puta noa mai ana, ka neke te kawe hohe ki te rerekētanga kukū.
Ngā Momo Kawenga Kaha
1. Te Kawenga Hohe Matua
– Ka whakamahi tika i te ATP hei neke i ngā ngota ngota ki te rerekētanga kukū.
– Tauira: Papu konutai-pāhare pākawa (papu Na+/K+).
2. Te Kawe Tuarua o te Hohe
– Ka whakamahi i te pikinga hikohiko i hangaia e te kawe hiko tuatahi hei nuku i ētahi atu matū ki te whakahē i tō rātou pikinga.
– Tauira: Ka kawe ngā kaikawe-tahi pērā i ngā kaikawe-āpiti me ngā kaikawe-ārai i ngā katote konutai me ngā ngota hukahuka, waikawa amino rānei.
Ngā Pātai Tauira me te Kōrero
Anei ētahi tauira o ngā pātai mō te kawe waka hohe me ā rātou matapakinga.
Tauira Pātai 1
Pātai: Whakamāramahia te mahi a te papu konutai-pāhare pākawa, me te hiranga o tēnei mea mō ngā pūtau!
Kōrero:
Ko te papu konutai-pāhare pākawa (Na+/K+) tētahi o ngā tauira rongonui o te kawe matua hohe. Ko te mahi a tēnei papu he neke i ngā iona konutai (Na+) e toru ki waho o te pūtau me ngā iona pāhare pākawa (K+) e rua ki roto i te pūtau. Me whakamahi te pūngao i whiwhi mai i te waikura ATP hei whakakaha i ngā pūmua kawe e kawe ana i ngā iona ki te rerekētanga o te kukū.
Ka taea te whakarāpopoto i te tukanga kawe i roto i tēnei papu penei:
1. Ka herea te ATP ki te papu, ā, ka waikuratia hei ADP me te phosphate inorganic.
2. Mā te pūngao mai i tēnei tauhohenga ka taea te whakarerekē i te āhua o te papu, ka herea e ia ngā katote konutai e toru mai i te taha pūtau-roto, kātahi ka nekehia ki te taha pūtau-roto.
3. I muri i te tukunga o te konutai, ka herea e ngā katote pāhare pāporo e rua mai i waho o te pūtau ki te papu, ka tukuna te phosphate.
4. Mā tēnei tukunga ka whakahokia mai te āhua tuatahi o te papu, ka tukuna ngā katote pāhare pāporo ki roto i te pūtau.
He mea nui te papu konutai-pāhare pākawa nā te mea ka āwhina i te pupuri i te pūmanawa o te kiriuhi pūtau, he mea nui mō ngā mahi pūtau pēnei i te tuku i ngā nekehanga io me te whakaheke i te uaua.
Tauira Pātai 2
Pātai: He aha te mahi a te kawe hohe tuarua? Homai he tauira!
Kōrero:
Kāore te kawe hohe tuarua e whakamahi tika i te ATP. Engari, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pikinga katote i whakatūria e te kawe hohe tuatahi. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi i te pikinga konutai i hangaia e te papu konutai-pāhare pākawa hei kawe i te hukahuka ki roto i ngā pūtau ki te whakahē i te pikinga kukū hukahuka.
Ko te tukanga e whai ake nei:
1. Mā te nui o te konutai i waho o te pūtau (ki te whakaritea ki roto) ka akiakihia te konutai kia tomo ki te pūtau mā roto i ngā pūmua kawe-tahi.
2. Ka whakamahia e ngā kaikawe-tahi te pūngao pūmanawa mai i te rerenga mai o te konutai hei kawe i ngā ngota hukahuka, i te nuinga o te wā e whakahē ana i te pikinga kukū hukahuka.
Ko tētahi tauira tino pai o te kawe hohe tuarua ko te tukunga huka i roto i ngā pūtau epithelial whekau. I konei, ka neke te konutai ki raro i tōna pikinga ki roto i te pūtau, ka kawe i te huka me ia ki roto i te pūtau.
Tauira Pātai 3
Pātai: I roto i te horopaki o te kawe hohe, he aha te tikanga o te simport me te antiport? Homai he tauira tūturu mō ngā mea e rua!
Kōrero:
– Kawemai:
– He tikanga tēnei e kawehia ai ngā ngota ngota, ngā katote rānei e rua, neke atu rānei, i te ahunga kotahi puta noa i te kiriuhi. Hei tauira, ko te konutai-huka, arā, ka kawehia te konutai me te huka ki roto i te pūtau i te wā kotahi.
– Ārai-pūngao:
– Ko tēnei tikanga e pā ana ki te kawe i ngā ngota e rua, neke atu rānei, i ngā ahunga rerekē puta noa i te kiriuhi. Ko tētahi tauira noa ko te whakawhiti Na+/Ca2+, e neke ana i ngā iona konutai e toru ki roto i te pūtau, me te neke hoki i tētahi iona konupūmā ki waho o te pūtau.
Whakamutunga
He tukanga nui te kawe kaha mō ngā mahi maha o te pūtau, he rerekē rawa atu i te kawe kore mahi nā te mea e hiahiatia ana te pūngao hei neke i ngā ngota ngota ki te rerekētanga kukū. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira kawe kaha, ka taea e tātou te kite i te whakamahinga a ngā pūtau i ngā papu katote me ngā kaikawe tahi hei pupuri i te homeostasis me te tautoko i ngā mahi maha o te tinana.
Ehara i te mea he mea nui anake te mārama ki ēnei tikanga mō te koiora taketake engari he tino whai hua hoki i roto i ngā horopaki hauora me te hangarau koiora, nā te mea he maha ngā rongoā me ngā rongoā e whakahaere ana, e whakamahi ana rānei i ēnei ara kawe. Ehara i te mea ko te kawe hohe anake te mea nui ki te ora pūtau engari kei a rātou anō te kī ki te wetewete i ngā mea ngaro pūtaiao o ō tātou tinana.
