Te Whakamāramatanga o te BUMD: Ngā Hinonga ā-Rohe
Pendahuluan
He taputapu nui ngā Hinonga ā-Rohe, arā, ngā BUMD, i roto i te whakahaere ōhanga ā-rohe i Indonesia. Ka whakatūria ngā BUMD e ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe me te whāinga ki te tautoko i te whanaketanga ā-rohe mā te whakapai ake i te ōhanga me ngā ratonga tūmatanui, me te whai wāhi atu ki te whanaketanga ā-motu whānui. Ka arotakehia e tēnei tuhinga te whakamāramatanga, te mahi, te tūranga, me ngā wero e pā ana ki ngā BUMD i Indonesia.
Te Whakamāramatanga o te BUMD
Ko te hinonga ā-rohe (BUMD) he hinonga pakihi nō te kāwanatanga ā-rohe ōna hea katoa, nō te nuinga rānei. Ko te noho o te BUMD e whakahaeretia ana e ngā ture me ngā ture ā-rohe e ārahi ana i te hanganga me te whakahaere i tēnei hinonga pakihi. Ka whakatūria ngā BUMD me te whāinga ki te whakarato i ngā painga ōhanga me te pāpori ki te rohe, me te mahi hei taputapu mā te kāwanatanga ā-rohe ki te whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā ratonga ki te marea.
Ko ngā whāinga matua mō te whakatū i tētahi BUMD ko:
1. Whakatenatena i te tipu ōhanga ā-rohe.
2. Te whakarato ratonga tūmatanui.
3. Te whakanui ake i te whakahaeretanga o ngā rauemi taiao me ngā rauemi pūtea ā-rohe.
4. Whakaratohia he whai wāhitanga mahi mā ngā hapori o te rohe.
Ngā Mahi a te BUMD
He maha ngā mahi nui a ngā umanga ā-rohe (BUMD) hei tautoko i tā rātou tūranga hei kaiārahi i te ōhanga ā-rohe. Kei roto i ēnei mahi:
1. Te Whakawhanaketanga Ōhanga ā-Rohe
He mahi nui tā ngā Pakihi ā-Rohe (BUMD) ki te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga ōhanga ā-rohe. Mā roto i ngā mahi ōhanga maha, ka taea e ngā BUMD te whakanui ake i te GDP ā-rohe, te kukume i te haumi, me te whakatipu i te rāngai pakihi ā-rohe. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā BUMD e mahi ana i roto i te rāngai hanganga te āwhina i te whakapai ake i te hononga me te whakaoho i te whanaketanga ōhanga i ngā rohe tūmatanui.
2. Te Whakarato Ratonga Tūmatanui
Hei toronga atu ki te kāwanatanga ā-rohe, ko ngā umanga ā-rohe (BUMD) te kawenga mō te whakarato ratonga tūmatanui kounga teitei. Hei tauira, ko ngā BUMD i roto i te rāngai kawe waka te kawenga mō te whakarato i te kawe waka tūmatanui haumaru me te utu tika. Ka taea hoki e ngā BUMD te mahi i roto i ētahi atu rāngai, pērā i te wai ma, te whare, me te pūngao.
3. Te Whakahaere Rauemi ā-Rohe
He mahi nui tā ngā umanga ā-rohe (BUMD) i roto i te whakahaere rauemi ā-rohe. Ka taea e rātou te whakarite kia whakahaerea te whakahaere rauemi taiao i runga i te pumau me te whakarato i ngā painga tino pai ki ngā kainoho o te rohe. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā BUMD i roto i ngā rāngai ahuwhenua me te ngahere te whai wāhi nui ki te whakahaere i te whenua me ngā ngahere ā-rohe.
4. Te Arotau i te Whiwhinga Taketake ā-Rohe
Hei hinonga ōhanga, e tumanakohia ana ngā umanga ā-rohe (BUMD) kia koha i ngā hua ki ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe i roto i te ahua o te Moni Taketake ā-Rohe (PAD). He mea nui tēnei koha nā te mea ka taea te whakamahi hei putea i te whanaketanga ā-rohe me te whakapai ake i te oranga o te hapori.
Te Tūranga o te BUMD i roto i te Ōhanga
He tūranga rautaki tā ngā umanga ā-rohe (BUMD) i waenga i ngā momo kaipupuri moni ōhanga. Mā te mahi tahi me te rāngai tūmataiti me ngā hapori, ka taea e ngā BUMD te whakawhānui ake i ngā mākete me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi. Anei ētahi o ngā tūranga matua o ngā BUMD i roto i te ōhanga:
1. Te Rēhia o te Whakawhanaketanga ā-Rohe
Mā te arotahi nui ki te rohe, ka taea e ngā umanga ā-rohe (BUMD) te noho hei kaha ārahi mō te whanaketanga ā-rohe. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā BUMD i roto i te rāngai tūruhi te whakawhanake i ngā wāhi haerenga ā-rohe hei kukume i ngā tūruhi me te whakatairanga i ngā mahi ōhanga.
2. Kaiwhakarato Mahi
Ka mahi anō hoki ngā umanga ā-rohe (BUMD) hei kaiwhakarato mahi i roto i ngā rohe. Mā te tuku i ngā momo mahi, ka taea e ngā BUMD te āwhina ki te whakaiti i te kore mahi me te whakapiki i ngā whiwhinga moni ā-rohe. He mea nui rawa atu tēnei i roto i ngā rohe kāore i te tino whanake te ōhanga.
3. Te mahi tahi me te Rāngai Tūmataiti
Mā te mahi tahi me te rāngai tūmataiti, ka taea e ngā umanga ā-rohe (BUMD) te whakateretere i te whanaketanga me te whakarato ratonga tūmatanui. Mā ēnei hononga mahi tahi a te iwi me te tūmataiti ka taea te tiritiri i ngā mōrearea me ngā rauemi, ā, ka taea ai te whakatinana i ngā kaupapa e hiahia ana ki te haumi nui.
Ngā Wero e Pā Ana ki ngā Hinonga ā-Rohe
Ahakoa te kaha nui o te pakihi ā-rohe ki te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga ā-rohe, he maha ngā wero e pā ana ki ngā umanga ā-rohe (BUMD) ka ārai i ā rātou mahi. Ko ētahi o ngā wero matua ko:
1. Te Whakahaere Kore-Hanga
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui e pā ana ki ngā umanga ā-rohe (BUMD) ko te korenga o te whai huatanga o te whakahaere. He maha ngā wā ka puta mai tēnei i te uaua o te mahi tari, te korenga o te whakahaere ngaio, me te korenga o te auahatanga i roto i ngā tukanga pakihi.
2. Pūtea iti
He iti noa te pūtea e pāngia ana e ngā umanga ā-rohe (BUMD) hei whakawhānui i ā rātou pakihi. Mā te whakawhirinaki ki te pūtea mai i ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe me te iti o ā rātou tahua ka whakawhāiti i tō rātou kaha ki te whakawhānui me te auaha.
3. Te Awe Tōrangapū
Pērā i ngā umanga kāwanatanga (BUMD), ka pāngia hoki ngā umanga ā-rohe (BUMD) e te awe tōrangapū. He maha ngā wā ka awehia ngā whakataunga rautaki e ngā pānga tōrangapū motuhake, ka pā kino pea ki te mahi me te mana motuhake o ngā BUMD.
4. Te whakataetae ki te Rāngai Tūmataiti
Me whakataetae anō hoki ngā umanga ā-rohe (BUMD) ki ngā kamupene tūmataiti, he tere ake, he whai hua ake hoki te nuinga o te wā. Me whakamahi i te rautaki tika hei whakarite kia ora tonu, kia whai mana tonu hoki ngā BUMD i te mākete.
Whakamutunga
He taputapu nui ngā Pakihi ā-Rohe (BUMD) mō te whanaketanga ōhanga me te whakarato ratonga tūmatanui i te taumata rohe. Mā roto i ngā BUMD, ka taea e ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe te whakanui ake i te pūmanawa ōhanga ā-rohe, te waihanga mahi, me te whakahaere rauemi i runga i te pumau. Heoi, kia tutuki ai tēnei pūmanawa, me wikitoria e ngā BUMD ngā wero pēnei i te whakahaere koretake, te iti o te pūtea, me te awe tōrangapū.
Mā te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa here e tika ana me te whakahaere ngaio, ka taea e ngā umanga ā-rohe (BUMD) te noho hei pou kaha mō te whanaketanga ā-rohe, te whakapai ake i te oranga o te hapori, me te whai wāhi atu ki te ōhanga o te motu. Me mahi tonu ngā mahi whakapai ake kia kore ai ngā BUMD e noho hei taputapu ōhanga anake engari hei kaiwhakahaere hoki mō ngā huringa pāpori e pā pai ana ki te taiao e karapoti ana i a rātou.
