Amanethiwekhi eGurumuda
Umfutho we-Angular Inani lokunyakaza kokujikeleza, okufana nobunzima (m) ekuhambeni okuqondile, yi-moment of inertia (I). Inani lokunyakaza kokujikeleza, okufana nejubane (v) ekuhambeni okuqondile, yijubane le-angular (ω). Ngakho-ke, into ejikelezayo inomfutho we-angular ongakwazi … Funda kabanzi
Buyekeza inhlayiya ejikelezayo. Inhlayiya enesisindo m inikezwa amandla F ukuze inhlayiya ijikeleze i-axis O. Inhlayiya ihlukile ku-axis yokujikeleza. Okokuqala, inhlayiya iphumule (v = 0). Ngemva kokuhamba ngamandla ka-F, izinhlayiya zihamba ngesivinini esithile ukuze izinhlayiya zibe nokusheshisa okuqondile. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla (F), isisindo (m), kanye nokusheshisa okuqondile kwezinhlayiya kuvezwa yi-equation 3:
Ku-conductor efana nethusi, kukhona ama-electron ahamba ngokungahleliwe ngesivinini esikhulu kodwa angaphumi ensimbini. Ama-electron angahamba ngokukhululeka abizwa ngokuthi ama-electron akhululekile. Nakuba ama-electron ehamba ngokukhululeka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, akukho ukugeleza okuphelele kwama-electron ohlangothini oluthile. Lesi simo senzeka lapho kungekho mehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili zocingo lwethusi.
Uma ucingo luxhunywe emthonjeni kagesi, kuvela umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili zocingo lwethusi, ukuze kuvele insimu kagesi ngaphakathi kocingo lwethusi. Ukuba khona kwensimu kagesi kubangela ukuthi ama-electron akhululekile abhekane namandla kagesi F = q E = e E, lapho F = amandla kagesi , e = ukushaja kwama-electron, E = insimu kagesi . La mandla kagesi abangela ukuthi wonke ama-electron ahamba ngokukhululeka asheshise ndawonye, okuyindlela efanayo namandla kagesi.
1. Ibhola liphonswa lisuka phezulu kwesakhiwo ngesivinini sokuqala esingu -8 m/s nge-engeli engu-20 o ngaphansi kwe-horizontal. Ibhola lishaya phansi ngemva kwemizuzwana emi-3.
a) Ibanga elingakanani ukusuka phansi kwesakhiwo ibhola elithinta umhlabathi
b) Liphakeme kangakanani ibhola eliphonswe endaweni
c) Ubude bebhola bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-10 ukusuka endaweni yokuphonsa ibhola
Incazelo ye- capacitor iyithuluzi eligcina ukushaja kukagesi kanye namandla kagesi. I-capacitor elula inamapuleti noma amashidi anama-conductor amabili abekwe eduze kodwa angathintani futhi ahlukaniswe yi-insulator noma i-vacuum. Ama-conductor ayizinto ezingakwazi ukuqhuba ugesi njengezinsimbi, kuyilapho ama-insulator eyizinto ezingakwazi ukuqhuba ugesi njengepulasitiki.
Ekuqaleni, ama-conductor amabili awashajwa ngogesi noma awakhethi ugesi. Ukuze umqhubi oyedwa ashajwe kahle kanti omunye umqhubi ashajwe kabi, khona-ke kumele kube nokudluliselwa kwama-electron kusuka komunye umqhubi aye komunye. Ama-electron aphezu kwe-athomu, ngakho kulula ukuwahambisa. Ngemva kokuba ama-electron esethuthile kusuka komunye umqhubi aye komunye, omunye wabaqhubi unama -electron amaningi (ukuntuleka kwama-proton)
ukuze ishajwe kabi, kuyilapho omunye umqhubi enokuntuleka kwama-electron (i-proton eyeqile) ukuze ishajwe kahle. Incazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo yokushaja izindleko zikagesi kuma-capacitor ibuyekezwa ngesihloko sokugcina amandla kagesi kuma-capacitor.
Amandla kagesi achazwa njengamandla kagesi ngeyunithi yokushaja. Ake sithi uma esephuzwini a, ishaja u-q inamandla kagesi alingana ne-EP a , khona-ke amandla kagesi asephuzwini a akhiwa kanje:
V = amandla kagesi, EP = amandla kagesi, q = ishaja kagesi
U-V akagcini nje ngokuba sephuzwini elingu-a kodwa futhi ukhona kuzo zonke izindawo ensimini kagesi. Iphuzu elingu-a lisetshenziswa njengesibonelo. Njengoba kuzochazwa kamuva, u-V akaxhomekile ekushajeni okungu-q.
Ngaphambi kokufunda lesi sihloko, qala uqonde umsebenzi, amandla okulondoloza, ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla okulondoloza namandla angaba khona , amandla kagesi kanye nensimu kagesi.
Ngaphezu kwamandla adonsela phansi kanye namandla entwasahlobo, esinye isibonelo samandla alondolozayo amandla kagesi. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi kungani amandla kagesi ebizwa ngokuthi amandla alondolozayo, qonda incazelo elandelayo.
Insimu kagesi ngeshaja yephuzu elilodwa
Ukuze ubale insimu kagesi ekhiqizwa yishaja eyodwa enhle, isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhetha ubuso be-Gauss obuyindilinga obune-radius r lapho isikhungo se-sphere sikhona ekushajeni okukodwa. Indawo engaphezulu yebhola ingu-4πr2.
Insimu kagesi ephuma enkabeni yendilinga ingena iqonde phezulu kwendilinga ukuze ifomula yokushintshashintsha kukagesi ibe ngu-Φ = E A. Ifomula yomthetho kaGauss ingu-Φ = Q/ε o
Ngokuphathelene nomthetho kaCoulomb , kuye kwafundwa amandla phakathi kwamacala kagesi. Ekubuyekezweni kwensimu kagesi, kuxoxwe ngolunye uhlobo lomthetho kaCoulomb, oluvezwa yi-equation F = q E,
lapho u-F engamandla kagesi, u-q engamandla kagesi kanti u-E engamandla kagesi. Kungashiwo ukuthi umthetho kaCoulomb ungumthetho wefiziksi ochaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-electric charge (q) kanye ne-electric field (E).
Umthetho kaGauss ungomunye umthetho wefiziksi ochaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwamacala kagesi kanye nezinkundla zikagesi. Umthetho kaGauss waklanywa nguCarl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), isazi sesayensi yezibalo kanye nesazi sezibalo saseJalimane.
Ngokuphathelene nensimu kagesi, kuxoxwe ngencazelo kanye nesibalo sensimu kagesi esingasetshenziswa ukubala amandla ensimu kagesi akhiqizwa yishaja kagesi, amashaja kagesi amaningana noma ngokusatshalaliswa kweshaja kagesi. Ukubalwa kwamandla ensimu kagesi akhiqizwa yishaja kagesi noma amashaja kagesi amabili kuxazululwa kalula kusetshenziswa ifomula yamandla ensimu kagesi. Uma okubaliwe kungamandla ensimu kagesi akhiqizwa ukusatshalaliswa kweshaja kagesi, ukubalwa kuba nzima kakhulu uma kusetshenziswa ifomula yamandla ensimu kagesi, kodwa kulula ukusebenzisa umthetho kaGauss . Ngaphambi kokufunda ngokujulile umthetho kaGauss, qala uqonde ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kukagesi ngenxa yomqondo wokusatshalaliswa kukagesi osetshenziswa emthethweni kaGauss.