Indima Yefiziksi Kwezokwelapha
I-physics, isayensi eyisisekelo yezinto, amandla, kanye nokusebenzisana kwazo, ithonye kakhulu insimu yezokwelapha, yaguqula ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa, kanye nokuqonda okuphelele kwempilo yabantu. Uhlobo oluhlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene ye-physics yezokwelapha luye lwavala igebe phakathi kwezisekelo zomqondo zemithetho yemvelo kanye nesayensi esetshenziswayo yezokwelapha, yathuthukisa ukunemba, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuphepha kwemikhuba yezempilo. Lesi sihloko sigxila endimeni ebalulekile ye-physics kwezokwelapha, sihlola ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile, izindlela, kanye nezinto ezintsha ezigcizelela lobu budlelwano bokusebenzisana.
I-Diagnostics kanye ne-Imaging
Enye yeminikelo esobala kakhulu yefiziksi kwezokwelapha isemkhakheni wezithombe zezokwelapha, lapho amasu athuthukiswe ngezimiso zomzimba abe yisisekelo sokuthola izifo ezahlukahlukene.
I-X-ray Imaging
Ukutholakala kwe-X-ray nguWilhelm Roentgen ngo-1895 kwaphawula intuthuko enkulu ekuxilongweni kwezokwelapha. Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-X-ray kusebenzisa ukumuncwa okuhlukile kwe-X-ray yizicubu ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni womuntu. Amathambo, njengoba eqine kakhulu, amunca i-X-ray eyengeziwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela abonakale emhlophe ku-radiograph, kuyilapho izicubu ezithambile zivela ngemibala empunga noma emnyama. Lobu buchwepheshe bubalulekile ekutholeni ukuphuka, izinkinga zamazinyo, kanye nezimila ezithile.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
I-MRI isebenzisa izimiso ze-nuclear magnetic resonance, umqondo osekelwe ku-quantum physics. Ngokubeka umzimba womuntu ensimini enamandla yamagnetic nokusebenzisa ama-radiofrequency pulses, i-MRI ivumelanisa ukujikeleza kwe-hydrogen nuclei emzimbeni. Lapho iphumula, la ma-nuclei akhipha izimpawu eziguqulwa zibe izithombe ezinemininingwane zezakhiwo zangaphakathi. I-MRI ivelele kakhulu ngesinqumo sayo esiphakeme sokungafani ezicutshini ezithambile, okwenza ibe usizo kakhulu ekuthathweni kwezithombe zezinzwa, zemisipha, kanye nezenhliziyo.
I-Computed Tomography (CT)
I-computed tomography ihlanganisa izilinganiso ze-X-ray ezithathwe ngama-engeli amaningi, ezicutshungulwa ngama-algorithms ekhompyutha, ukuze kukhiqizwe izithombe zomzimba ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba. Izimiso zefiziksi zisekela ama-algorithms okwakhiwa kabusha kwe-tomographic aguqula idatha ye-X-ray eluhlaza ibe izithombe ezinemininingwane ze-3D. Ukuskena kwe-CT kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni ukulimala, umdlavuza, kanye nezifo zemithambo yegazi.
Ukufanekisa kwe-Ultrasound
Ukuthwebula izithombe nge-ultrasound kusebenzisa amaza omsindo avame kakhulu ukudala izithombe zezakhiwo zomzimba zangaphakathi. Izimiso zefiziksi ezifana ne-acoustic impedance kanye nomphumela we-Doppler ziyisisekelo se-ultrasound. Ukungafaki i-ionizing kwe-ultrasound kwenza kube kuphephile kakhulu ekuqapheni ukukhulelwa, izimo zenhliziyo, kanye nezifo zezicubu ezithambile.
I-Radiation Therapy
Enye indlela ebalulekile yokuhlangana kwe-physics kanye nezokwelapha isekwelashweni ngemisebe, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni umdlavuza. Lapha, imisebe ye-ionizing, njenge-X-ray, imisebe ye-gamma, noma imisebe yezinhlayiya, isetshenziswa ukukhomba nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana anomdlavuza.
I-Linear Accelerators
Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yesimanje kuvame ukusebenzisa ama-accelerator aqondile (ama-linacs) ukukhiqiza ama-X-ray noma ama-electron beams anamandla aphezulu. Isimiso sokudluliselwa kwamandla, lapho izinhlayiya zisheshiswa khona kusetshenziswa amasimu kagesi, ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwama-electrodynamics akudala. Le misebe ibunjwe ngokucophelela futhi iguquliwe ukuze ikhulise umonakalo wesimila ngenkathi inciphisa ukuvezwa kwezicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile.
I-Brachytherapy
Ku-brachytherapy, imithombo yemisebe ifakwa ngaphakathi noma eduze kwesimila. Le ndlela incike ezimisweni zokubola kwemisebe kanye ne-dosimetry, okuqinisekisa ukuthi imithamo ephezulu yemisebe igcinwa endaweni yesimila. Ukubala okunembile ngokomzimba okuhilelekile kuqinisekisa ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngemiphumela emibi emincane.
I-Nuclear Medicine
Imithi yenuzi, insimu ehlanganisa ikhemistri, ifiziksi, kanye nemithi, isebenzisa ama-isotopes anemisebe (ama-radioisotopes) kokubili ngezinjongo zokuxilonga kanye nokwelapha.
I-Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Ukuskena kwe-PET kusebenzisa ama-radioisotope akhipha ama-positron. Lapho ama-positron ehlangana nama-electron emzimbeni, ayabhubhisa, akhiqize imisebe ye-gamma etholwa yisikena. Izimiso zefiziksi ezihlobene nokusebenzisana kwezinhlayiya kanye nemicimbi yokubhujiswa ziyisisekelo salobu buchwepheshe. Ukuskena kwe-PET kubalulekile ekuhloleni umsebenzi we-metabolic, ovame ukusetshenziswa ku-oncology, i-cardiology, kanye ne-neurology.
I-Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-SPECT kuhilela ama-radioisotopes akhipha i-gamma. Ama-detector athwebula ama-gamma photon, kanti ama-algorithm ekhompyutha aphinde akhe kabusha izithombe ze-3D. Izimiso zomzimba zokusebenzisana kwemisebe, ukubola, kanye nokutholwa kubalulekile lapha. Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-SPECT kuyasiza ekuhloleni ukugeleza kwegazi, ukuthwebula izithombe zobuchopho okusebenzayo, kanye nezinkinga zamathambo.
I-Biomechanics kanye namadivayisi ezokwelapha
I-Biomechanics isebenzisa izimiso ze-mechanics ukuqonda umsebenzi wesistimu yemisipha futhi isiza ekuthuthukisweni kwe-prosthetics kanye namadivayisi e-orthotic.
Ama-Prosthetics nama-Orthotic
I-physics ilawula ukwakheka kwezitho zokufakelwa kanye nama-orthotic braces ngokusebenzisa izimiso ze-mechanics, isayensi yezinto zokwakha, kanye ne-kinematics. Ukuqonda amandla, ama-torque, kanye nezakhiwo zezinto ezahlukahlukene kuqinisekisa ukuthi la madivayisi ahlinzeka ngokusekelwa nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu.
Amarobhothi Ezokwelapha
Amarobhothi okuhlinzwa nokuvuselelwa kwamarobhothi ahlanganisa izimiso zefiziksi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zezinhlelo zokulawula, amandla, kanye nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukunemba, ukuzinza, kanye nokuphepha kwezinhlelo zamarobhothi kubaluleke kakhulu, ngokuvamile kufezwa ngokusebenzisa imithetho yemvelo ngokuqinile.
Ama-Laser Kwezokwelapha
Ubuchwepheshe be-laser, obusekelwe ku-quantum mechanics kanye ne-optics, bunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zezokwelapha.
Ukuhlinzwa Laser
Ama-Laser ahlinzeka ngokusika nokususa ngokunemba ngomonakalo omncane wokushisa ezicutshini ezizungezile. Ama-wavelength ahlukene akhethwa ngokusekelwe ezicini zawo zokumunca ezicutshini ezithile, okubonisa ukuqonda okujulile kwe-physics ye-optical.
I-Photodynamic Therapy
Lokhu kwelashwa kuhilela izidakamizwa ezizwela ukukhanya ezivuselelwa amaza athile okukhanya. Ukulawulwa okunembile kokuchayeka ekukhanyeni kanye nokusebenza kwezidakamizwa kusekelwe ezimisweni ze-quantum physics kanye ne-photochemistry.
I-Nanomedicine
I-nanomedicine, ukusetshenziswa kwe-nanotechnology kwezokwelapha, isebenzisa i-quantum physics, isayensi yezinto zokwakha, kanye ne-biology. Ama-nanoparticles angaklanywa ukuze alethe izidakamizwa ngqo kumaseli aqondiwe, ngokusekelwe ezimisweni ze-quantum mechanics kanye nokusebenzisana kwama-molecular.
Isiphetho
Indima yefiziksi kwezokwelapha ijulile futhi ibanzi, ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi kanye nezimiso ezithuthukisa ukuxilongwa kwezokwelapha, ukwelashwa, kanye nokunakekelwa kweziguli. Kusukela ezinhlelweni zezithombe eziveza izimfihlo zomzimba kuya kumasu okwelapha aqondisa ngqo izifo, ifiziksi inikeza isisekelo lapho kwakhelwe khona imithi yesimanje. Njengoba zombili lezi zinsimu ziqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwefiziksi nemithi kuthembisa ukusungula izinto ezintsha okukhulu nakakhulu, ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yezempilo kanye nokuguqula indlela esiqonda futhi siphatha ngayo imiphumela yabantu. Ikusasa lezokwelapha, ngokungangabazeki, lizoqhubeka nokubunjwa yizimiso ezihlala njalo kanye nokuphumelela kwefiziksi.
