I-physics

Isihloko mayelana nokungaguquguquki

Ngokuphathelene nogesi kagesi, kuxoxwe ngobuningi bogesi kagesi, ngakho-ke nensimu kagesi ichazwe esihlokweni mayelana nensimu kagesi. Insimu kagesi kanye nogesi kagesi ku-conductor uma kukhona umehluko ongaba khona ku-conductor, kanti uma kungekho mehluko ongaba khona, khona-ke akukho nsimu kagesi kanye nogesi kagesi.

Cishe kuzo zonke iziqhubi zensimbi, insimu kagesi ilingana ngqo nobuningi bomsinga kagesi, lapho isilinganiso sensimu kagesi nobuningi bomsinga kagesi singaguquki. Inani lokuqhathanisa insimu kagesi nobuningi bamanje libizwa ngokuthi i-resistivity. Ngokwezibalo, ubudlelwano phakathi kwensimu kagesi, ubuningi bamanje, kanye ne-resistivity buchazwe kulesi sibalo:

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Isihloko mayelana nekhodi yombala ye-Resistor

The isitha kuyingxenye eyodwa yesekethe kagesi esebenza ukulawula inani lemisinga kagesi. Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-resistor, okungukuthi ama-resistors e-wire coil kanye nama-resistors e-carbon. Ama-resistors e-wire roll avame ukusetshenziswa elabhorethri, enziwe ngokugoqa intambo encane ebusweni beshubhu ye-insulator. Ama-resistors e-carbon avame ukusetshenziswa kumasekethe kagesi, ayi-cylindrical, futhi anezintambo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Inani lokumelana ne-carbon resistor livezwa ngekhodi yombala futhi liboniswe ebusweni be-resistor.

Inani lokumelana le-resistor lingaziwa ngokuhumusha ikhodi yombala we-resistor. Ukuze uqonde lokhu, qala ubheke ithebula elilandelayo, bese ufunda inkinga yesibonelo ukuze uthole inani lokumelana ne-resistor.

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Isihloko mayelana nama-Resistors ochungechungeni

Uma ama-resistor exhunyiwe njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, ama-resistor ahlelwe ngokulandelana. Ukumelana noma ukumelana kukagesi okukhulunywa ngakho kungaba ngesimo sezingxenye ze-resistor, izibani, noma okunye ukumelana kukagesi.

Ishaja kagesi ihamba ngokumelana 1 (R)₁) = i imali kagesi uhamba ngokumelana 2 (R)₂) = ishaja kagesi ihamba ngokumelana 3 (R)₃). Amandla kagesi (I) ukushaja kukagesi okugeleza ngesikhathi esithile (I = Q / t), ngakho-ke ugesi udlula ukumelana 1 (I₁) = ugesi ngokusebenzisa ukumelana 2 (I₂) = ugesi ngokusebenzisa ukumelana 3 (I₃Ngokwezibalo, ugesi ophelele (I) = I₁ = Mina₂ = Mina₃.

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Isibalo sokumelana kukagesi

Esihlokweni somthetho ka-Ohm, ifomula echaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwe- voltage (V), okwamanje kagesi (Mina), kanye ukumelana nogesi (R) ithathwe. Ichazwe ngokwezibalo ngezibalo:

Lesi sibalo sibonisa ukuthi ukumelana kukagesi (R) kuhambelana ngqo ne-voltage kagesi (V) futhi kuhambisana ngokuphambene nomsinga kagesi (I). Uma i-voltage enkulu inkulu kunokumelana kukagesi kuya kuba kukhulu, ngokuphambene nalokho, uma amandla kagesi eba makhulu kunokumelana kukagesi kuzoba kukhulu. Lesi sibalo sichaza umthetho we-Ohm kuphela uma ukumelana kukagesi (R) kungaguquki. Uma ukumelana kukagesi kungaguquki, khona-ke lesi sibalo asichazi umthetho we-Ohm, kodwa sichaza ukumelana komqhubi.

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Isihloko mayelana nama-Resistors ngesikhathi esifanayo

Uma ama-resistor exhunywe njengasesithombeni, ama-resistor axhunywe ngokuhambisana.

The okwamanje kagesi (ugesi wamanje = ukushaja kukagesi okugeleza ngesikhathi esithile) okungena endaweni yokuhlangana kufana nogesi ophuma endaweni yokuhlangana. Kunezindawo eziningana zokuhlangana ukuze ugesi ophelele = inani lamandla kagesi ageleza endaweni ngayinye yokuhlangana. Ngokwezibalo, I = I₁ + Mina₂ + Mina₃Ngenkathi umehluko wamandla kagesi noma amandla kagesi endaweni ngayinye yokuhlangana kuyafana.

I = V/R ngakho-ke isibalo esingenhla siyashintsha sibe yi-I = V/R₁ + V/R₂ + V/R₃I-voltage kagesi ilingana, ngakho-ke lesi sibalo sishintsha sibe yi-I = V (1/R)₁ +1/R₂ +1/R₃). Uma ukumelana okulinganayo kungu-1/R khona-ke u-I = V (1/R). Ngakho-ke, u-1/R = 1/R₁ +1/R₂ +1/R₃.

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Isihloko mayelana nomthombo wamandla kagesi i-emf Ukumelana kwangaphakathi I-voltage yetheminali

Amandla kagesi kugeleza ku-closed circuit, kusukela ku-high potential kuya ku-low potential. Lapho ugesi uhamba ngengxenye yokumelana nogesi, kuba nokuncipha amandla kagesi angase abe khona ngoba amandla kagesi asetshenziswa kulokhu kumelana. Ukuze ugesi uqhubeke nokugeleza usuka emandleni aphezulu uye emandleni aphansi,

kumele kube nedivayisi yokwengeza amandla kagesi angase abe khona, ithuluzi lingamandla kagesi (emf) noma elibizwa ngokunembile ngokuthi umthombo wamandla kagesi. I-Emf noma umthombo wamandla kagesi yingxenye eguqula uhlobo lwamandla lube amandla kagesi, njengamabhethri, amaseli elanga, noma amajeneretha kagesi.

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Ama-EMF alandelanayo futhi ahambisanayo

Uma kunemithombo emibili noma ngaphezulu ye-electromotive (emf) exhunyiwe njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, i-emf ihlelwe ngochungechunge.

Okulinganayo voltage umthombo (ε) uthi:

ε = ε₁ + ε₂ + ε_n

Ukumelana kwangaphakathi okulinganayo (r) yilokhu:

r = r₁ +r₂ +r_n

Ugesi ogeleza ngokumelana kwangaphandle (R) uthi:

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Umthetho wokuqala kaKirchhoff obizwa nangokuthi umthetho wendawo yokuhlangana uthi ugesi ongena endaweni yokuhlangana ufana nogesi ophuma kuleyo ndawo yokuhlangana. Indawo yokuhlangana esisekweni sikagesi yindawo lapho kuhlangana khona ababili noma ngaphezulu kwabaqondisi ababili, njengephuzu u-a esithombeni ohlangothini.

Ngingugesi ongena endaweni yokuhlangana, kuyilapho mina₁ nami₂ yiziphethu zikagesi eziphuma endaweni yokuhlangana, I = I₁ + Mina₂Esinye isibonelo, bheka isithombe esingezansi.

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Umthetho wesibili kaKirchhoff uthi ushintsho kumandla kagesi endaweni ezungezile yesekethe evaliwe luyi-zero. Umthetho wesibili kaKirchhoff usekelwe emthethweni wokulondolozwa kwamandla, othi amandla angunaphakade.

Ukuze uqonde kangcono lokhu, cabanga ngeshaja kagesi ehamba ngesekethe evaliwe, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni. Lapho ishaja kagesi idlula ku- ukumelana nogesi (R), i- amandla kagesi angase abe khona incishisiwe ngoba isetshenziswa kulezi zimo zokumelana. Uma ishaja kagesi idlula kwenye ukumelana kukagesi, amandla kagesi ayancipha futhi ngoba isetshenziswa futhi ekumelaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ishaja kagesi idlula emthonjeni we-voltage isuka kumandla aphansi iye kumandla aphezulu, amandla kagesi ayanda. Uma ibuyela endaweni yayo yokuqala, amandla kagesi ayafana nawangaphambili, lapho ushintsho lwamandla kagesi luyi-zero. Uma usebenzisa I-KirchhoffUmthetho wesibili wesekethe kagesi, sisebenzisa ushintsho ku-voltage kagesi, hhayi ushintsho kumandla kagesi angase abe khona.

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Incazelo yamandla kagesi

Amandla afundwa emsebenzini kanye namandla anqunywa njengomsebenzi owenziwa ngesikhathi esithile. Umsebenzi inqubo yokushintsha kwamandla ukuze amandla aqondwe njengoshintsho lwamandla olwenzeka ngesikhathi esithile.

Amandla kagesi ushintsho lwamandla kagesi phakathi nesikhathi esithile. Ekubuyekezweni kwamandla kagesi, kuchazwa ukuthi izinguquko zamandla kagesi ezenzeka lapho ishaja kagesi idlula endaweni ethile. amandla kagesi umehluko.

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