Incazelo yokushintshashintsha kukagesi
Ngokuphathelene nensimu kagesi, kuxoxwe ngencazelo kanye nesibalo sensimu kagesi esingasetshenziswa ukubala amandla ensimu kagesi akhiqizwa yishaja kagesi, amashaja kagesi amaningana noma ngokusatshalaliswa kweshaja kagesi. Ukubalwa kwamandla ensimu kagesi akhiqizwa yishaja kagesi noma amashaja kagesi amabili kuxazululwa kalula kusetshenziswa ifomula yamandla ensimu kagesi. Uma okubaliwe kungamandla ensimu kagesi akhiqizwa ukusatshalaliswa kweshaja kagesi, ukubalwa kuba nzima kakhulu uma kusetshenziswa ifomula yamandla ensimu kagesi, kodwa kulula ukusebenzisa umthetho kaGauss . Ngaphambi kokufunda ngokujulile umthetho kaGauss, qala uqonde ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kukagesi ngenxa yomqondo wokusatshalaliswa kukagesi osetshenziswa emthethweni kaGauss.
Igama elithi flux lisuselwa egameni lesiLatini, elithi fluere, elisho ukugeleza. I-flux kagesi ingahunyushwa njengokugeleza kwensimu kagesi. Igama elithi flow lapha alibonisi insimu kagesi egeleza njengamanzi agelezayo, kodwa lichaza ukuba khona kwensimu kagesi eholela ohlangothini oluthile. Ngokuphathelene nemigqa yensimu kagesi, kuye kwachazwa ukuthi insimu kagesi ibonwa noma idwetshwe kusetshenziswa imigqa yensimu kagesi, ngakho-ke ama-flux kagesi nawo achazwa njengemigqa yensimu kagesi. Ngakho-ke i-flux kagesi iwumugqa wensimu kagesi odlula indawo ethile, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
Isibalo se-flux kagesi
Ngokwezibalo, ukugeleza kukagesi kuwumkhiqizo wensimu kagesi (E), indawo engaphezulu (A) kanye ne-cosine ye-engeli ephakathi komugqa wensimu kagesi kanye nomugqa ojwayelekile oqonde phezulu.
F = EA cos θ ………………. (Isibalo 1)
Uma imigqa yensimu kagesi iqonde endaweni engaphezulu edlula kuyo njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, khona-ke i-engeli ephakathi komugqa wensimu kagesi nomugqa ojwayelekile ingu-0 o , lapho i-cos 0 o = 1. Ngakho-ke, ifomula ye-electric flux ishintshela ku:
F = EA cos 0o = I-EA (1)
F = EA …………. (Isibalo 2)
Ngokusekelwe kufomula, ukugeleza kukagesi okungenhla kuphetha izinto eziningana. Okokuqala, ukugeleza kukagesi kuphezulu kakhulu lapho umugqa wensimu kagesi uqonde endaweni engaphezulu ngoba kulesi simo i-engeli ephakathi komugqa wensimu kagesi nomugqa ojwayelekile ingu-0o, lapho i-cosine 0o ingu-1. Okwesibili, ukugeleza kukagesi kuncane kakhulu lapho umugqa wensimu kagesi uhambisana nendawo engaphezulu ngoba kulesi simo i-engeli ephakathi komugqa wensimu kagesi nomugqa ojwayelekile ingu-90o , lapho i-cosine 90o ingu -0. Okwesithathu, ukugeleza kukagesi kuncike ensimini kagesi (E) kanye nendawo engaphezulu (A). Ngaphezu kwendawo engaphezulu enesikwele njengasesibonelweni esingenhla, indawo engaphezulu ingaba yindilinga kanye nezinye.
Ugesi ogelezayo endaweni evaliwe
Ishaja kagesi echazwe ngaphambilini isebenzisa isibonelo sobuso obuvulekile (indawo yobuso eyisikwele noma engunxande). Ugesi uhamba kanjani ezindaweni ezivaliwe ezifana nama-cubes, imishayo, noma amabhola? Ake sithi kunemigqa yensimu kagesi edlula emishayweni, njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi.
Imigqa yensimu kagesi enombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihambisana nezindawo eziphezulu nezingezansi zomsebe ukuze zakhe i-engeli engu-90o ngomugqa ojwayelekile wezindawo eziphezulu nezingezansi. Ngakho-ke, ukugeleza kukagesi ezindaweni eziphezulu nezingezansi zomsebe kungu-F = EA cos 90o = I-EA (0) = 0.
Imigqa yensimu kagesi enikezwe umbala ophuzi ihambisana nezindawo ezingakwesokudla nakwesobunxele zomsebe ukuze zakhe i-engeli engu-90 o nomugqa ojwayelekile wezindawo ezingakwesokunxele nakwesokudla. Ngakho-ke, ukugeleza kukagesi ohlangothini lwesokudla nolwesobunxele lomsebe ngu-F = EA cos 90 o = EA (0) = 0.
Imigqa yensimu kagesi inikezwa umbala obomvu oqondile ezindaweni zangaphambili nangemuva zomsebe ukuze zakhe i-engeli engu-0 o nomugqa ojwayelekile wezindawo zangaphambili nangemuva. Ngakho-ke, ukugeleza kukagesi kungu-F = EA cos 0 o = EA (1) = E A.
Esifanekisweni esingenhla, imigqa ebomvu ebonakalayo yensimu kagesi ingena emshayweni bese iphuma emshayweni. Lapho imigqa yensimu kagesi ingena emshayweni njengokungathi kukhona ishaja engemihle ngaphakathi komshayweni, i-flux kagesi iba yimbi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho imigqa yensimu kagesi iphuma emshayweni njengokungathi kukhona ishaja engemihle ngaphakathi komshayweni, i-flux kagesi iba yimbi. Ngokwekhwalithi, uma inani lemigqa yensimu kagesi engena emshayweni lilingana nenani lemigqa yensimu kagesi ephuma emshayweni, i-flux kagesi ephumelayo ingu-zero. Ngokwezibalo, i-flux kagesi ephumelayo edlula emshayweni ibalwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: i-flux kagesi engenayo = F 1 = – EA cos 0 o = – EA (1) = -EA kanye ne-flux kagesi ephumayo = F 2 = + EA cos 0 o = + EA (1) = + E A. I-flux kagesi iyonke ingu-F = – F 1 + F 2 = -EA + EA = 0.
Ngokusekelwe ekubalweni okungenhla, kwaphethwa ngokuthi i-flux kagesi iyonke edlula emshayweni njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingenhla ingu-zero. Kungashiwo ukuthi i-flux kagesi iyonke ingu-zero ngoba akukho charge kagesi emshayweni. Ngakho-ke uma kungekho charge kagesi endaweni evaliwe njengemishayo, ama-cubes, ama-sphere, njll. i-flux kagesi iyonke ingu-zero. Kuthiwani uma kukhona charge kagesi endaweni evaliwe?
Ake sithi kukhona ukushaja kukagesi phakathi nebhola, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni ohlangothini. Imigqa emine yensimu kagesi ichazwa njengemele imigqa yeminye imikhakha kagesi ephuma enkabeni yendilinga iqonde phezulu kwendilinga. Umugqa ngamunye uqonde phezulu ebusweni bebhola, lapho wakha khona i-engeli engu-0.o ngomugqa ojwayelekile oqonde ngqo ebusweni bebhola.
Ukuphuma kukagesi ebholeni: Φ = E A.
Ifomula yamandla ensimu kagesi ingu-E = kq / r 2 , kanti i-equation yendawo engaphezulu kwesphere ingu-A = 4 pr 2 ukuze ifomula ye-electric flux ishintshe ibe yi:
Uma ukushaja okuphakathi kwebhola kungu-+ 2Q, khona-ke ukugeleza kukagesi ebholeni kungu-
Ngokusekelwe kufomula ye-electric flux, kuphethwa ngokuthi uma kukhona ishaja kagesi endaweni evaliwe eyindilinga,
Inani lokugeleza kukagesi ebholeni alixhomekile kububanzi noma kububanzi bebhola. Ubukhulu bokugeleza kukagesi buphindwe ka-4πk kuneshaja kagesi iyonke ebholeni, noma izikhathi ezingu-1/ε o kuneshaja kagesi iyonke ebholeni.
Iyunithi yokushintshashintsha kukagesi
Ifomula eyisisekelo ye-electric flux yi-F = EA, lapho i-E ingamandla ensimu kagesi kanti i-A yindawo engaphezulu. Iyunithi yensimu kagesi yi-Newton nge-Coulomb (N/C), kanti iyunithi yendawo engaphezulu iyimitha yesikwele (m 2 ) ukuze iyunithi ye-electric flux ibe yimitha yesikwele ye-Newton nge-Coulomb (Nm 2 /C).
