Umbono Wezimbongolo Nesikhathi Sesikhala
Indwangu eyimfihlakalo ye-space-time ibilokhu iheha izazi ze-physics, izazi ze-cosmologists, kanye nabantu abathanda isayensi yezindaba eziqanjiwe. Phakathi kwezakhiwo eziningi zemfundiso ezivela ekuhlobaneni okuvamile kanye ne-quantum mechanics, ama-wormholes avelele njengomqondo othakazelisayo futhi oyinkimbinkimbi. Emelela izindima ezicatshangelwayo nge-space-time, athembisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaphuzu ahlukene endaweni yonke, okungenzeka asebenze njengezinqamuleli ze-cosmic noma izindlela zokushintshana kobukhulu. Kulokhu kuhlola kwamagama ayi-1000, sizohlola inkolelo-mbono yama-wormholes, imvelaphi yawo, imiphumela yawo, kanye nesimo sawo enkulumweni yesayensi yanamuhla.
U-Einstein noRosen: Ukuqala Kwezimpi Zomshoshaphansi
Umqondo wemigoqo yomoya wavela esisekelweni esabekwa yinkolelo-mbono ka-Albert Einstein yokuhlobana kwezinto. Ngo-1935, u-Einstein, ngokubambisana nozakwabo uNathan Rosen, wethula umqondo "wamabhuloho" phakathi kwesikhala nesikhathi, kamuva aziwa ngokuthi amabhuloho ka-Einstein-Rosen. Ekubunjweni kwawo kokuqala, la mabhuloho asebenza njengezixazululo zezibalo zokuhlobana kwezinto jikelele, echaza isakhiwo esifana nomhubhe esixhumanisa izifunda ezahlukene zesikhala nesikhathi.
Lezi zakhiwo ngokwethiyori zingadala izinqamuleli ezixhumanisa amaphuzu aqhelelene ngezigidigidi zeminyaka yokukhanya noma zinikeze ngisho nezindlela phakathi kwemikhathi ehlukene. Ukuze ubone lokhu ngeso lengqondo, cabanga ngesikhathi sesikhala njengephepha elinobukhulu obubili. Uma ugoqa iphepha ukuze amaphuzu amabili akude athintane, bese ulibhoboza ngepeni, imbobo edalwe isebenza njengendlela enqamulelayo. Lo mfanekiso ubamba umongo wembobo.
USchwarzschild kanye nezixazululo
Ukuze uqonde ama-wormhole, umuntu kumelwe abhekane nezixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezibalo zensimu zika-Einstein. UKarl Schwarzschild, isazi sefiziksi saseJalimane, wayengowokuqala ukuthola ikhambi eliqondile lalezi zibalo, echaza imodeli elula yomgodi omnyama. Lapho kwandiswa izixazululo zikaSchwarzschild, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa izakhi zomqondo ezaziwa ngokuthi “ama-metric tensors,” umuntu ufika kumamodeli aphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ama-wormhole.
Kodwa-ke, lawa ma-wormhole awawona ama-passage angenazinkinga. Isibonelo, i-wormhole yakudala yaseSchwarzschild ayidluli. Iqukethe into eyodwa—indawo efanayo yokuxinana okungenamkhawulo kanye nokudonsa okudonsela phansi okubonwa emigodini emnyama. Noma yini edlula emgodleni onjalo we-wormhole ingabhujiswa amandla amakhulu adonsela phansi, okwenza ingasetshenziswa ekuhambeni noma ekuxhumaneni okusebenzayo.
Izimbungulu Ezingadlulayo kanye Nezinto Ezingavamile
Ukuze imigodi ye-wormhole ikwazi ukusebenza njengokuxhumana phakathi nesikhathi, kumele ikwazi ukuwela. Lokhu kudinga ukunqoba izithiyo eziningana ezibalulekile, okuyinhloko phakathi kwazo udaba lokuzinza. Isazi sesayensi ye-physics uKip Thorne kanye nozakwabo baphakamise umqondo "wemigodi ye-wormhole ewela" ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ngokusho kwamamodeli abo, imigodi ye-wormhole ewela yayizodinga "izinto ezingavamile" - uhlobo lwento enengqondo enobukhulu bamandla obubi kanye nengcindezi, engamelana namandla adonsela phansi ayengabangela ukuthi imigodi ye-wormhole iwe.
Le nto engavamile ayikatholakali noma ayikakabonakali ukuthi ikhona; kuzodingeka ibe nezakhiwo eziphikisana nezinto ezijwayelekile, njengokuxosha kunokuba idonse. Uma into enjalo ingaxhunywa, ingagcina "umphimbo" wembobo ye-wormhole uvulekile, ivumele ukudlula okuphephile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlala ngaphakathi komkhakha wokuqagela kanye ne-physics yethiyori.
Ama-Wormholes, i-Quantum Mechanics, kanye ne-Holography
Ukuhlangana kwemigodi yama-wormhole kanye ne-quantum mechanics kuveza ungqimba oluyinkimbinkimbi oluthakazelisa nakakhulu. Intuthuko yethiyori iphakamisa ukuxhumana okujulile phakathi kokuhlanganiswa kwe-quantum—into lapho izimo zezinhlayiya zihlala zixhumene khona emabangeni amakhulu—kanye nemigodi yama-wormhole. I-ER=EPR conjecture, eyaphakanyiswa izazi zefiziksi uJuan Maldacena noLeonard Susskind ngo-2013, ithi amabhuloho ka-Einstein-Rosen (ER) alingana nokuhlanganiswa kwe-quantum (ama-pair e-EPR). Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okunesibindi kusikisela ukuthi izinhlayiya ezixhumene zingase zixhunywe ngemigodi yama-wormhole amancane, anesilinganiso se-quantum.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimiso se-holographic, esavela ku-string theory, sinikeza olunye uhlaka oluthembisayo. Siphakamisa ukuthi lonke ulwazi oluqukethwe ngaphakathi kwesikhala lungamelwa emngceleni waleso sikhala. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uma besiqonda ngokugcwele lesi simiso, singavula izindlela zokudala noma zokuzinzisa ama-wormhole amakhulu, okungaguqula ukuqonda kwethu isikhala nesikhathi.
Izicelo Ezingaba Khona kanye Nokucatshangelwa Kokuziphatha
Naphezu kokwakheka kwazo kokuqagela, ama-wormhole abambe umcabango wokusetshenziswa kwawo okungaba khona. Uma esetshenziswa, angaguqula ukuhlola isikhala ngokuvumela ukuhamba okusheshayo kunokukhanya, okwenza ukuhamba phakathi kwezinkanyezi kanye nokungenzeka phakathi kwemithala kube nokwenzeka ngaphakathi kwezikhathi zabantu. Lokhu ngeke kushintshe nje indlela yethu yokuhlola isikhala esikude kodwa futhi kungase kube lula ukuxhumana nemiphakathi yangaphandle komhlaba, uma ikhona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-wormholes angase anikeze ukuxhumana kwesikhathi, axhumanise amaphuzu ahlukene ngesikhathi. Ukuqonda okunjalo kokuhamba kwesikhathi kuphakamisa imibuzo ejulile yokuziphatha, yefilosofi, kanye neyokusebenza. Amandla okushintsha izehlakalo ezedlule noma imiphumela yokusebenzisana nomuntu wesikhathi kungaholela ezinkingeni nemiphumela engahlosiwe, kuphonsele inselelo ukuqonda kwethu imbangela kanye nenkululeko yokuzikhethela.
Izinselele kanye Nekusasa Locwaningo Lwe-Wormhole
Naphezu kwentuthuko yemfundiso, ukudala noma ukuthola imbobo yezinambuzane endaweni yokucwaninga noma endaweni yezinkanyezi kusalokhu kungaphezu kwamandla ethu obuchwepheshe bamanje. Izidingo zamandla zokudala imbobo yezinambuzane ezinkulu, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi izinto ezingavamile, zinkulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe besizonqoba lezi zithiyo, ukugcina imbobo yezinambuzane izinzile kungaba yinselele enkulu.
Ucwaningo lwanamuhla luyaqhubeka nokuhlola amamodeli ezibalo kanye nemibono yemvelo eqinisekisa ukuba khona kwama-wormhole. Intuthuko ekubalekeni kwe-quantum, i-particle physics, kanye ne-cosmology ekugcineni inganikeza ukuqonda okudingekayo ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi ama-wormhole angahanjwa angaba khona nokuthi singawathola noma siwadale.
Ngokufigqiwe
Imfundiso ye-wormholes kanye ne-space-time imi ekuxhumaneni kwezinye zezimfihlakalo ezijulile kakhulu kwi-physics. Zimelela "kuthiwani uma" ezelula ukuqonda kwethu isakhiwo sendawo yonke, ziphonsela inselelo ukuqonda kwethu isikhala, isikhathi, kanye nezinto. Nakuba ziseyizinto ezisekelwe embonweni, ukuphishekela ukuqonda i-wormholes kuqhubela phambili imingcele yesayensi, kusunduza ilukuluku lomuntu liye ezingeni eliphezulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sike sathola noma sakha i-wormhole engadlula, uhambo lokuhlola le migudu yendawo yonke luyaqhubeka nokucebisa ulwazi lwethu kanye nomcabango.
