Isihloko mayelana nencazelo ye-capacitor
Incazelo ye- capacitor iyithuluzi eligcina ukushaja kukagesi kanye namandla kagesi. I-capacitor elula inamapuleti noma amashidi anama-conductor amabili abekwe eduze kodwa angathintani futhi ahlukaniswe yi-insulator noma i-vacuum. Ama-conductor ayizinto ezingakwazi ukuqhuba ugesi njengezinsimbi, kuyilapho ama-insulator eyizinto ezingakwazi ukuqhuba ugesi njengepulasitiki.
Ekuqaleni, ama-conductor amabili awashajwa ngogesi noma awakhethi ugesi. Ukuze umqhubi oyedwa ashajwe kahle kanti omunye umqhubi ashajwe kabi, khona-ke kumele kube nokudluliselwa kwama-electron kusuka komunye umqhubi aye komunye. Ama-electron aphezu kwe-athomu, ngakho kulula ukuwahambisa. Ngemva kokuba ama-electron esethuthile kusuka komunye umqhubi aye komunye, omunye wabaqhubi unama -electron amaningi (ukuntuleka kwama-proton)
ukuze ishajwe kabi, kuyilapho omunye umqhubi enokuntuleka kwama-electron (i-proton eyeqile) ukuze ishajwe kahle. Incazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo yokushaja izindleko zikagesi kuma-capacitor ibuyekezwa ngesihloko sokugcina amandla kagesi kuma-capacitor.
Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esiseceleni, elinye lamapuleti omqhubi lishajwe kahle (+Q) kanti elinye ipuleti lomqhubi lishajwe kabi (-Q). Ishaja kagesi epuletini ngalinye lilingana kodwa linophawu oluphambene ukuze ishaja iyonke ibe yi-zero (QQ = 0). Ukuba khona kweshaja kagesi enobukhulu obufanayo nophawu oluphambene epuletini ngalinye kubangela umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwamapuleti amabili. I-conductor eshajwe kahle inamandla kagesi aphezulu, kanti i-conductor eshajwe kabi inamandla kagesi aphansi. Ngamanye amazwi, kukhona insimu kagesi phakathi kwama-conductor amabili ashajwe, lapho isiqondiso sensimu kagesi sisuka ekushajweni okuhle kuya ekushajweni okubi. Njengoba kuye kwaxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni samandla kagesi, uma kukhona insimu kagesi noma umehluko emandleni kagesi phakathi kwamapuleti omqhubi amabili, kumele kube namandla kagesi emapuletini amabili.
Amandla angaba khona yikhono lokwenza umsebenzi. Uma i-capacitor igcina amandla kagesi, i-capacitor ingasebenza. Eqinisweni, ama-capacitor anezindlela eziningi zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ama-capacitor angenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile kumasekethe kagesi, lapho amasekethe kagesi eyisisekelo samadivayisi ahlukahlukene kagesi.
