Izinhlobo Zezifunda
Isifunda siwumqondo wendawo obhekisela endaweni ethile noma endaweni enemingcele nezici ezihlukile. Ekufundweni kwendawo kanye nesayensi ehlobene, izifunda zingaqondwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ngokomzimba, ngamasiko, ngokwezomnotho, kanye nokuphatha. Lesi sihloko sizohlola izinhlobo zezifunda ngalezi zindlela.
1. Indawo Ebonakalayo
Izifunda ezibonakalayo zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nejografi yemvelo, ehlanganisa izinto ezifana nokuma komhlaba, isimo sezulu, izitshalo, nezilwane. Ngaphakathi komongo wezifunda ezibonakalayo, singazihlukanisa kabanzi ngezigaba:
a. Indawo Ethafeni
Amathafa ayizindawo ezinomhlaba othe tyaba futhi ophansi. Amathafa angahlukaniswa abe yizindawo eziphansi, izindawo eziphakeme, kanye namathafa ane-alluvial, ngokuvamile avundile futhi afanele ukulima. Isibonelo esaziwayo sethafa eline-alluvial yiNayile River Delta eGibhithe.
b. Isifunda Sezintaba
Lesi sifunda sibuswa yizintaba kanye nezindawo eziphakeme. Umphumela wokuphakama okuphezulu ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kwesimo sezulu kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona zejiyoloji njengokuzamazama komhlaba. I-Andes eNingizimu Melika iyisibonelo esisodwa sesifunda esikhulu sezintaba.
c. Izindawo Ezisogwini
Izindawo ezisogwini zibhekisela ezindaweni eziseduze ngqo nolwandle noma ulwandle. Lezi zindawo zivame ukuba nezindawo zemvelo ezicebile futhi zisebenza njengezikhungo zomsebenzi wezomnotho wasolwandle. Kodwa-ke, zisengozini yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lolwandle.
2. Izindawo Zomphakathi Namasiko
Izifunda zomphakathi nezamasiko zihlanganisa izindawo ezichazwa yizimfanelo zomphakathi nezamasiko zabantu abahlala kuzo. Izici ezifana nolimi, amasiko, kanye nobunikazi besifunda ngokuvamile ziyizimpawu ezibalulekile.
a. Izifunda Ezisekelwe Ebuzweni
Lezi zindawo zakhiwe ngokusekelwe ekufananeni kobuhlanga noma ngokohlanga kwabantu abahlala kuzo. Isibonelo yindawo yeSizwe samaNavajo e-United States, enikeza ukuzimela kanye nokuvikelwa kwamasiko kumaNdiya aseMelika.
b. Indawo Yenkolo
Ukuba khona okukhulu kwenkolo ethile kungadala izifunda zenkolo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi iVatican City, isikhungo seRoman Catholicism, noma isifunda saseHijaz eSaudi Arabia, esibaluleke kakhulu kumaSulumane.
c. Izindawo Zamasiko Nezendabuko
Lesi sifunda sibonakala ngemikhuba yamasiko ehlukile kanye nemikhiqizo yobuciko. I-Yogyakarta e-Indonesia, isibonelo, yaziwa njengesikhungo samasiko aseJavane acebile ngobuciko bendabuko kanye nemisebenzi yezandla.
3. Isifunda Sezomnotho
Izifunda zomnotho zakhiwa ngokusekelwe emisebenzini yazo yezomnotho kanye nezinsiza ezinazo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifunda sezomnotho kuvame ukugxila ekusetshenzisweni nasekuphathweni kwezinsiza ezikhona ukuze kube nokuzinza kwezomnotho kanye nentuthuko.
a. Indawo Yezimboni
Indawo enabantu abaningi abasebenza ezimbonini. Izindawo zezimboni ngokuvamile zinikeza izinsiza kanye nengqalasizinda yokusekela imisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Isibonelo sesifunda esikhulu sezimboni yiRuhr eJalimane.
b. Indawo Yezolimo
Indawo enikelwe kwezolimo noma ukulima imfuyo, izici zomhlabathi, kanye nesimo sezulu kuthinta kakhulu uhlobo lwezolimo oluthuthukayo. I-Ganges River Valley yaseNdiya ingenye yezindawo zezolimo ezindala kakhulu nezinkulu emhlabeni.
c. Indawo Yokuhweba
Njengoba zithuthukiswe futhi zigxile emisebenzini yezohwebo kanye nezinsizakalo, zivame ukuba sezindaweni ezihlelekile ezindaweni ezinkulu zokuthutha. ISingapore, njengedolobha-sifundazwe, iyisibonelo esihle sesifunda esincike kakhulu kwezohwebo.
4. Isifunda Sokuphatha
Ukwahlukaniswa kokuphatha kubhekisela ekuhlukanisweni kwezwe noma isifunda ngamayunithi kahulumeni ngenhloso yokwenza kube lula ukuphatha nokuphatha. Lesi sigaba sivame ukunquma izinqubomgomo, imithetho, kanye nemithethonqubo esebenza kuleso sifunda.
a. Izwe
Indawo enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lokuphatha olunohulumeni ozimele ngokuphelele. Izwe ngalinye linemingcele yendawo eyaziwayo emhlabeni wonke.
b. Isifundazwe/Isifundazwe
Ingxenye yezwe enegunya elithile lokulawula izindaba zalo zendawo, ngezinye izikhathi ngohlelo lwayo lukahulumeni njengase-United States noma eNdiya.
c. I-Regency/Idolobha
Amayunithi amancane okuphatha aphatha izindaba eziningi zasendaweni ngaphakathi kwesifundazwe. Izinga lenqubomgomo liseduze nabantu, liphatha izindaba zansuku zonke njengemfundo eyisisekelo kanye nezempilo.
5. Izindawo Zokusebenza
Isifunda esisebenzayo yindawo ebonakala ngomsebenzi noma umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko. Sihlanganisa ukusebenzisana okuhlukahlukene kwezomnotho, kwezenhlalo, kanye nezokuthutha okuhlanganisa isifunda.
a. Indawo Yedolobha Elikhulu
Inhlanganisela yamadolobha amakhulu amaningana kanye namadolobhana azungezile, iJakarta kanye nezindawo ezizungezile zakha iGreater Jakarta (Jabodetabek), enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu zamadolobha amakhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
b. Indawo Yezokuvakasha
Yakhelwe ukuheha izivakashi ngokunikeza izindawo ezikhangayo, umnotho wazo uvame ukuncika kulo mkhakha. Isibonelo, iBali ibonisa lokhu ngamabhishi ayo namasiko ayo acebile.
c. Indawo Yezentengiselwano
Indawo egxile emisebenzini yezentengiselwano, njengesikhungo sezitolo noma isifunda sebhizinisi. Amanye amadolobha amakhulu anezindawo ezinikezelwe kule njongo, njengeSifunda Sebhizinisi Esimaphakathi (i-CBD) emadolobheni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele.
Isiphetho
Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezifunda kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwenqubomgomo, ekuhleleni kwesifunda, kanye nokwabiwa kwezinsiza. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesifunda lunezici zalo kanye nezinselele ezidinga ukuphathwa kanye nokwelashwa okuthile. Ngokuqonda uhlobo kanye nokuguquguquka kohlobo ngalunye lwesifunda, singakha amasu okuthuthukiswa asebenza kahle futhi azinzile. Lokhu kungasiza futhi ekubhekaneni nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene ezingaba khona, kusukela kwezemvelo kuya kwezenhlalo-mnotho.
