Izinhlobo Zamabhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda: Ukuqonda Amafomu Awo Nezindima Zawo Emnothweni Wesifunda
AmaBhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda (i-BUMD) ayizinhlangano ezibalulekile esakhiweni somnotho sase-Indonesia. Adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqiniseni umnotho wesifunda, ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsizakalo zomphakathi, futhi ngokuvamile asebenzisa izinqubomgomo zesifunda ezihlelekile. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-BUMD, imisebenzi yawo, nokuthi anikela kanjani emnothweni wendawo.
Iyini i-BUMD?
Ibhizinisi Eliphethwe Yisifunda (i-BUMD) yinkampani eyasungulwa uhulumeni wesifunda ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa umnotho wesifunda, ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zomphakathi, kanye nokukhiqiza inzuzo. Ukusungulwa kwe-BUMD kulawulwa nguMthetho No. 23 ka-2014 ophathelene noHulumeni Wesifunda, ogunyaza izifunda ukuthi zisungule izinhlangano zebhizinisi ukusekela intuthuko kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo emphakathini.
Izinhlobo Zamabhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda
Ngokuvamile, amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (i-BUMD) angahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana ngokusekelwe emkhakheni wawo kanye nezinhloso zokusebenza. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo zama-BUMD ezivame ukutholakala e-Indonesia:
1. Amabhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda Emkhakheni Wezomnotho Nokuhweba
Lolu hlobo lwebhizinisi eliphethwe yisifunda (i-BUMD) lusebenza ekuhwebeni nasekusabalaliseni izimpahla. Luhlose ukusiza ohulumeni basekhaya ekulawuleni amanani ezimpahla ezibalulekile, ukusabalalisa izidingo eziyisisekelo, nokusekela amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi esifundeni. Izibonelo zalolu hlobo zifaka phakathi izinkampani zesifunda ezisebenza ezimakethe zokuthengisa noma zokusabalalisa izimpahla eziyisisekelo.
2. Amabhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda Emkhakheni Wezinsizakalo Nezokuvakasha
Ukuze kwandiswe imali engenayo yesifunda futhi kudonswe izivakashi, ohulumeni abaningi bendawo basungule amabhizinisi aphethwe yisifunda (i-BUMD) asebenza emkhakheni wezinsizakalo nezokuvakasha. Lawa mabhizinisi angasebenza embonini yokungenisa izihambi, amapaki okuzilibazisa, noma aphathe ifa lamasiko nomlando wendawo. Ukuba khona kwama-BUMD kulo mkhakha kuyindlela ehlakaniphile yokwenza ngcono amathuba ezokuvakasha nokudala imisebenzi kubantu bendawo.
3. Amabhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda Emkhakheni Wezamandla Nemithombo Yemvelo
Ezinye izifunda zinemithombo yemvelo eningi futhi zakha amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (i-BUMD) ukuze aziphathe. Emkhakheni wamandla, isibonelo, ama-BUMD angabandakanyeka ekukhiqizweni nasekuhlinzekweni kukagesi, ukuphathwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, kanye nokuhlolwa kukawoyela negesi. Lokhu kuhloswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo ikhulisa izinzuzo zesifunda futhi ihilele imiphakathi yendawo ekusebenzeni kwayo.
4. Amabhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda Emkhakheni Wezempilo Nezemfundo
Ohulumeni basekhaya bangasungula futhi amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (i-BUMD) emikhakheni yezempilo nezemfundo ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila komphakathi. Emkhakheni wezempilo, isibonelo, ama-BUMD angaphatha izibhedlela, imitholampilo, noma amalabhorethri agxile ezinsizakalweni zomphakathi. Emkhakheni wezemfundo, ama-BUMD angase ahileleke ekuphatheni izikhungo zemfundo noma izinhlelo zokuqeqesha amakhono ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono labasebenzi bendawo.
5. Amabhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda Emkhakheni Wengqalasizinda
Amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (i-BUMD) kulo mkhakha avame ukuba yingxenye yokuthuthukiswa nokuphathwa kwengqalasizinda ebalulekile njengezokuthutha, amanzi okuphuza, kanye nokuhlanzeka. Adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izifunda zinengqalasizinda eyanele yokusekela ukukhula komnotho nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kwezakhamuzi. Isibonelo, izinkampani zesifunda ziphatha izinsizakalo zokuhamba zomphakathi noma ukwelashwa kwamanzi okuphuza.
Indima ye-BUMD Emnothweni Wesifunda
1. Ukwanda Kwemali Engenayo Yesifunda
Njengezinhlangano ezisebenzela inzuzo, ama-BUMD angaba umthombo omkhulu wemali engenayo kohulumeni basekhaya. Inzuzo etholakala ingasetshenziswa ukuxhasa ngezimali intuthuko, ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda, kanye nokuxhasa izinhlelo zomphakathi ezizuzisa umphakathi.
2. Ukudalwa Kwemisebenzi
Ngokusebenzisa amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (ama-BUMD) emikhakheni eyahlukene, badala amathuba emisebenzi emiphakathini yasendaweni. Le misebenzi ayidalwa nje kuphela ngokuqashwa ngqo kuma-BUMD, kodwa futhi nangokusebenzisa izinsizakalo zasendaweni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezihlobene.
3. Ukuqinisa Umnotho Wendawo
Amabhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda (i-BUMD) nawo asebenza njengendlela yohulumeni bendawo yokulawula nokuzinzisa umnotho wesifunda. Ngezinqubomgomo ezisetshenziswa yi-BUMD, ohulumeni bendawo bangaqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zomphakathi ziyahlangatshezwa futhi amanani ezimpahla ayalawulwa.
4. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwengqalasizinda
Ngokuphatha amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda, amabhizinisi aphethwe yisifunda (i-BUMD) asiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi kanye nobuningi bengqalasizinda yesifunda. Ingqalasizinda enhle iyisisekelo esibalulekile sokukhula komnotho, ikhuthaza ukugeleza kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo, kanye nokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yomphakathi.
5. Ukusetshenziswa Okusimeme Kwemithombo Yemvelo
Amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (i-BUMD) emkhakheni wamandla nezinsiza zemvelo aqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhashazwa kwezinsiza kwenziwa ngendlela eqhubekayo. Ngendlela ehloniphekile, izinsiza zemvelo zingasetshenziswa ukuze kuzuze umnotho ngaphandle kokulimaza imvelo.
Izinselele Zamabhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda
Naphezu kokuba nendima ebalulekile, i-BUMD ibhekene nezinselele eziningana, okuhlanganisa:
- Ukuphatha kanye Nobungcweti
Amabhizinisi aphethwe yizifunda (i-BUMD) avame ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuphatha ezibangelwa ukuntuleka kobungcweti nolwazi lobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kungaholela ekungasebenzi kahle kanye nokuncintisana okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkampani ezizimele.
- Ukungenelela Kwezepolitiki
Njengezinhlangano eziphethwe nguhulumeni wesifunda, ama-BUMD avame ukungenela kwezepolitiki okungaphazamisa ukuzimela kwawo kanye nokusebenza kwawo ngempumelelo.
- Imali Elinganiselwe kanye Nobuchwepheshe
Ama-BUMD amaningi abhekana nokulinganiselwa ngokwezimali kanye nokufinyelela kubuchwepheshe besimanje, okuvimbela ikhono lawo lokusungula izinto ezintsha nokukhula.
Isiphetho
AmaBhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda (i-BUMD) ayisici esibalulekile somnotho wesifunda, asebenza ukusekela intuthuko yesifunda nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zomphakathi. Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselele ezahlukahlukene, ngokuphathwa okunengqondo kanye namasu afanele, ama-BUMD anamandla amakhulu okufaka isandla kakhulu emnothweni wezwe. Ukuze kufezwe leli thuba, kudingeka ukuzibophezela kwawo wonke amaqembu ukusekela ukusimama kanye nokusebenza kahle kwala Mabhizinisi Aphethwe Yizifunda.
